100% CORRECT ANSWERS|LATEST
Full-term - ANSWER 39 - 40w6d
To what populations do you not administer a live virus vaccine? -
ANSWER Pregnant women due to theoretical risk of passing virus to unborn
child
Immune suppression due to lack of clinical effect
AIDS (CD4 <200)
Common immunization adverse effects - ANSWER Discomfort
Erythema at immunization injection site common and expected
This is an immune response to an injected antigen
Kids have a more noted response because they have a more robust/active immune
system
Can use Benadryl cream if itchy
What should you use OTC to treat itchy/inflamed immunization sites? -
ANSWER Benadryl cream
What flu vaccine is most appropriate for an elder >65 with no allergies? -
ANSWER High-dose trivalent IIV or quadrivalent IIV
How should you modify vaccine administration for an adult who has a hive-form
reaction when exposed to eggs (no hx of angioedema or respiratory distress)? -
ANSWER No modification
Administer any vaccine appropriate for age and health status
,Immunization against herpes zoster is recommended by the CDC for all adults > what
age? - ANSWER 50 for Shingrix or 60 for Zostavax
What is secondary prevention? - ANSWER Early case finding of a symptomatic
disease via the use of a screening test
Diseases we screen for have a long asymptomatic period with a known natural
history ex. HTN, dyslipidemia, pap
Prochaska and DiClemente Stages of Change theory - ANSWER Change occurs
dynamically. Theory notes five stages of preparation and maintenance for change
(trans theoretical model)
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance/relapse
Precontemplation stage of change - ANSWER #1 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient is not interested in change and might not be aware that the
problem exists/minimizes the problem's impact. The healthcare provider should help
the patient to move toward thinking about changing the unhealthy behavior.
Contemplation stage of change - ANSWER #2 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient is considering change and looking at its positive and negative
aspects. At the same time, the person reports feeling "stuck" with the problem. The
healthcare provider should help the patient to examine benefits and barriers to
change.
Preparation stage of change - ANSWER #3 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient exhibits some change behaviors or thoughts and often reports
feeling that he or she does not have the tools to proceed. The healthcare provider
should assist the patient in finding and using tools to help with change, continuing to
work to lower barriers to change.
,Action stage of change - ANSWER #4 in the transtheoretical model of change.
The patient is ready to go forth with change, often takes concrete steps to change,
but is inconsistent with carrying through. The healthcare provider should work with
the patient on use of tools, encouraging the healthy behavior change, praising the
positive, acknowledging reverting back to former behavior as a common but not
insurmountable problem.
Maintenance/relapse stage of change - ANSWER #5 in the transtheoretical model
of change. The patient learns to continue the change and has adopted and embraced
the healthy habit. At the same time, relapse can occur and the person learns to deal
with backsliding. The healthcare provider should give positive reinforcement for the
behavior change.
The 5 A's of smoking cessation - ANSWER Ask - Identify and document tobacco
use status
Advise - Urge every tobacco user to quit
Assess - Is the tobacco user willing to make a quit attempt at this time
Assist - Use counseling and pharmacotherapy to help the patient quit
Arrange - Schedule follow up contact within the 1st week of the quit date
Leading causes of death in the US - ANSWER Heart disease
Malignant neoplasms
Chronic lower respiratory disease
#1 cause of cancer death in the US - ANSWER Lung and bronchus
Most prevalent cancer in men - ANSWER Prostate
Most prevalent cancer in women - ANSWER Breast
, Who should receive TB screening? - ANSWER People who have spent time with
a TB-infected individual
People from Latin America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia, Carribean
People who live or work in a homeless shelter, long-term care facility, prison, nursing
home
Healthcare workers
People with HIV infection
People with symptoms of TB
IVD users
TB Booster phenomenon - ANSWER Often seen in individuals who have
previously been infected with TB — will have initial negative TST but a positive TST
when retested up to 1 year later because the first test "boosts" the immune system
S/s of active TB - ANSWER Significant cough lasting >3 weeks
Chest pain
Hemoptysis or sputum production
Weakness/fatigue
Weight loss
Lack of appetite
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
First-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regiments include... -
ANSWER INH
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Full-term - ANSWER 39 - 40w6d
To what populations do you not administer a live virus vaccine? -
ANSWER Pregnant women due to theoretical risk of passing virus to unborn
child
Immune suppression due to lack of clinical effect
AIDS (CD4 <200)
Common immunization adverse effects - ANSWER Discomfort
Erythema at immunization injection site common and expected
This is an immune response to an injected antigen
Kids have a more noted response because they have a more robust/active immune
system
Can use Benadryl cream if itchy
What should you use OTC to treat itchy/inflamed immunization sites? -
ANSWER Benadryl cream
What flu vaccine is most appropriate for an elder >65 with no allergies? -
ANSWER High-dose trivalent IIV or quadrivalent IIV
How should you modify vaccine administration for an adult who has a hive-form
reaction when exposed to eggs (no hx of angioedema or respiratory distress)? -
ANSWER No modification
Administer any vaccine appropriate for age and health status
,Immunization against herpes zoster is recommended by the CDC for all adults > what
age? - ANSWER 50 for Shingrix or 60 for Zostavax
What is secondary prevention? - ANSWER Early case finding of a symptomatic
disease via the use of a screening test
Diseases we screen for have a long asymptomatic period with a known natural
history ex. HTN, dyslipidemia, pap
Prochaska and DiClemente Stages of Change theory - ANSWER Change occurs
dynamically. Theory notes five stages of preparation and maintenance for change
(trans theoretical model)
1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance/relapse
Precontemplation stage of change - ANSWER #1 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient is not interested in change and might not be aware that the
problem exists/minimizes the problem's impact. The healthcare provider should help
the patient to move toward thinking about changing the unhealthy behavior.
Contemplation stage of change - ANSWER #2 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient is considering change and looking at its positive and negative
aspects. At the same time, the person reports feeling "stuck" with the problem. The
healthcare provider should help the patient to examine benefits and barriers to
change.
Preparation stage of change - ANSWER #3 in the transtheoretical model of
change. The patient exhibits some change behaviors or thoughts and often reports
feeling that he or she does not have the tools to proceed. The healthcare provider
should assist the patient in finding and using tools to help with change, continuing to
work to lower barriers to change.
,Action stage of change - ANSWER #4 in the transtheoretical model of change.
The patient is ready to go forth with change, often takes concrete steps to change,
but is inconsistent with carrying through. The healthcare provider should work with
the patient on use of tools, encouraging the healthy behavior change, praising the
positive, acknowledging reverting back to former behavior as a common but not
insurmountable problem.
Maintenance/relapse stage of change - ANSWER #5 in the transtheoretical model
of change. The patient learns to continue the change and has adopted and embraced
the healthy habit. At the same time, relapse can occur and the person learns to deal
with backsliding. The healthcare provider should give positive reinforcement for the
behavior change.
The 5 A's of smoking cessation - ANSWER Ask - Identify and document tobacco
use status
Advise - Urge every tobacco user to quit
Assess - Is the tobacco user willing to make a quit attempt at this time
Assist - Use counseling and pharmacotherapy to help the patient quit
Arrange - Schedule follow up contact within the 1st week of the quit date
Leading causes of death in the US - ANSWER Heart disease
Malignant neoplasms
Chronic lower respiratory disease
#1 cause of cancer death in the US - ANSWER Lung and bronchus
Most prevalent cancer in men - ANSWER Prostate
Most prevalent cancer in women - ANSWER Breast
, Who should receive TB screening? - ANSWER People who have spent time with
a TB-infected individual
People from Latin America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Russia, Carribean
People who live or work in a homeless shelter, long-term care facility, prison, nursing
home
Healthcare workers
People with HIV infection
People with symptoms of TB
IVD users
TB Booster phenomenon - ANSWER Often seen in individuals who have
previously been infected with TB — will have initial negative TST but a positive TST
when retested up to 1 year later because the first test "boosts" the immune system
S/s of active TB - ANSWER Significant cough lasting >3 weeks
Chest pain
Hemoptysis or sputum production
Weakness/fatigue
Weight loss
Lack of appetite
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
First-line anti-TB agents that form the core of treatment regiments include... -
ANSWER INH
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
