NURS 5315 Midterm Exam with Verified Solutions 2025

NURS 5315 Midterm Exam with Verified Solutions 2025 Antibodies appear _________ days after an antigen invades the body - Correct Answer-6-7 Secondary immune response is also known as _________ immune response - Correct Answer-Anamnestic The pathogenesis of ___________ is related to antibody/antigen complexes which are deposited in tissues/organs and triggers the immune response - Correct Answer-Lupus ___________ ____________ ________________ is derived from the fatty acids in the plasma membrane. Neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells and platelets can produce this substance. It works in a similar fashion as leukotrienes and causes endothelial cell retraction, increases vascular permeability, activates platelets, and enhances leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. - Correct Answer-Platelet activating factor (PAF) Blood loss, gross or occult, will lead to ____________________ anemia - Correct Answer-an iron deficiency Colon cancer can cause what type of anemia? - Correct Answer-Iron deficiency Pernicious anemia is due to lack of - Correct Answer-intrinsic factor Beefy red tounge, neurologic symptos, paresthesia of handsfeet and loss of sense of position/vibration all symptoms of what - Correct Answer-pernicious anemia ________________ Anemia may result in myocardial damage and poor heart contractility - Correct Answer-Pernicious Alcohol interferes with ___________ metabolism in the liver and therefore depletes stores - Correct Answer-folate Severe cheilosis, burning mouth syndrome, dysphagia, flatulence and watery diarrhea all symptoms of ________________________________ anemia - Correct Answer-folate deficiency Review how prednisone impairs phospholipase A. - Correct Answer-Corticosteroids inhibit the action of phospholipase A2 thus preventing the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin and leukotrienes Joint bleeding tissue hematomas large, spontaneous, centrally located ecchymosis bleeding after trauma, surgery, or an injury tends to be delayed symptoms of what hemostasis disorder - Correct Answer-Coagulopathy hemmorhage hemophilia Epistaxis Oral bleeding GI or GU Bleeding (in the absence of malignancy) Hemoptysis Heavy menses symptoms of what hemostasis disorder - Correct Answer-Thromobocytopenia hemmorhage Etiology of Thrombocytopenia - Correct Answer-decrease in total number of platelets hemodilution spleenomegaly HIV Bone marrow failure meds ___________ functions to help with maturation of T-Cells - Correct Answer-IL2 lymphocytosis results from _________________ infections - Correct Answer-viral neutrophilia results from _______________ infections - Correct Answer-bacterial Eosinophilia results from __________________ infections - Correct Answer-parasitic and allergic reactions Transplant rejection is a ___________________________ response - Correct Answer-T-Cell mediated Aging does what to T-Cell function - Correct Answer-activity decreases Clopidogrel works by inhibiting the ______________________________ - Correct Answer-P2Y12 receptor block ADB from binding to P2Y12 receptor thus allowing cAMP to exert its action and prevent platelet aggregation renal failure can be a cause of ________________________ - Correct Answer-COX 2 inhibitors they do not cause gastric ulcerations/edema/olatelet dysfunction The ________________ in a CBC test is the best way to determine type of anemia - Correct Answer-MCV Edema of hands/feet in an infant can be a result of - Correct Answer-sickle cell anemia/vaso-occlusive crisis Therapeutic interventions for Protein S deficiency - Correct Answer-Coumadin low molecular weight heparin cannot inhibit _____________________. it can only inhibit clotting factor ___ - Correct Answer-Thromibin Xa When histamine 1 is stimulated: - Correct Answer-promote inflammation when histamine 2 is stimulated - Correct Answer-anti-inflammatory properties location of histamine 1 receptors - Correct Answer-smooth muscle, bronchi location of histamine 2 receptors - Correct Answer-gastric mucosa normal phys---gastric acid secretion symptoms associated with flu are a result of - Correct Answer-release of cytokines hemodilution splenomegaly HIV, bone marrow failure hemolysis medications all can result in what happening to platelets - Correct Answer-thrombocytopenia Malignant transformation of B-cells which infiltrate the bone marrow, bone and other soft tissues - Correct Answer-Multiple myeloma Uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes which blocks the growth of healthy blood cells - Correct Answer-Leukemia Antigen antibody complexes bind to the Fc receptors on platelets which leads to their destruction in the spleen. - Correct Answer-Immune thrombocytopenic purpura They assess for the presence of antibodies to HIV The test can be completed on urine, saliva, or serum; however, the most accurate results are obtained from testing the serum. Together the tests have a sensitivity and specificity of 99% at 12 weeks post-exposure. - Correct Answer-The 3rd generation immunoassay This test is designed to detect antibodies to HIV and to detect the presence of the P24 antigen. Remember this is part of the HIV's viral proteins. The P24 antigen can be detected as early as ten days post-infection - Correct Answer-4th generation combination immunoassay Factor VIII Deficiency, A mutation, the altered or msising protein cannot participate in the clotting cascade process. This results in reduced coagulation ability and prolonged bleeding - Correct Answer-Hemophilia A Factor IX deficiency, x-linked recessive trait, varied degrees of severity - Correct Answer-Hemophilia B/Christmas Disease Characterized by undifferentiated or immature cells, usually a blast cell, and the onset of disease is abrupt and rapid with a short survival time - Correct Answer-Acute leukemia the predominant cell is more differentiated but does not function normally, with a relatively slow progression - Correct Answer-Chronic leukemia Excessive production of lymphocytes - Correct Answer-Lymphocytic leukemia excessive production of granulocytes - Correct Answer-Myelogenous leukemia