PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NURS 231 PORTAGE
LEARNING 2025/2026 – VERIFIED ANSWERS (SCORE
190.5/200) || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <UPDATED
VERSION>
Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice Questions & Answers
1. What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory response?
A. To act as a permanent barrier to pathogens
B. To dilute toxins and recruit immune cells to the site of injury
C. To initiate the adaptive immune response immediately
D. To provide long-term immunity
2. A patient presents with edema, redness, heat, and pain at the site
of a wound. This collective presentation is known as:
A. The four cardinal signs of infection
B. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome
C. The four cardinal signs of inflammation
D. The infection triad
3. Which type of cell is the most abundant white blood cell and is the
primary responder in acute inflammation?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Eosinophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Macrophage
4. The movement of white blood cells to the site of injury in response
to chemical mediators is called:
A. Diapedesis
,B. Opsonization
C. Phagocytosis
D. Chemotaxis
5. What is the hallmark difference between benign and malignant
tumors?
A. Benign tumors grow faster.
B. Malignant tumors are well-differentiated.
C. Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissue and metastasize.
D. Benign tumors are always fatal.
6. The "ABCDE" rule is used for the early detection of which type of
cancer?
A. Breast Cancer
B. Prostate Cancer
C. Melanoma
D. Lung Cancer
7. What does the "E" in the ABCDE rule for melanoma stand for?
A. Elevated
B. Evolving
C. Extensive
D. Enlarged
8. Which gene, known as the "guardian of the genome," is frequently
mutated in many cancers and functions in cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis?
A. BRCA1
B. RAS
, C. p53
D. HER2
9. What is the primary cause of clinical manifestations in Myasthenia
Gravis?
A. Demyelination of CNS neurons
B. Antibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular
junction
C. A deficit of dopamine in the basal ganglia
D. Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
10. In Multiple Sclerosis, the primary pathological process involves:
A. The formation of senile plaques in the brain
B. Autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system
C. A deficiency of acetylcholine
D. Ischemic damage to the brain tissue
11. A patient with Parkinson's Disease would most likely exhibit which
of the following?
A. Intention tremor
B. Choreaform movements
C. Pill-rolling tremor at rest
D. Bell's Palsy
12. The most common type of stroke is:
A. Hemorrhagic Stroke
B. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
C. Ischemic Stroke
D. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
LEARNING 2025/2026 – VERIFIED ANSWERS (SCORE
190.5/200) || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <UPDATED
VERSION>
Pathophysiology Final Exam Practice Questions & Answers
1. What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory response?
A. To act as a permanent barrier to pathogens
B. To dilute toxins and recruit immune cells to the site of injury
C. To initiate the adaptive immune response immediately
D. To provide long-term immunity
2. A patient presents with edema, redness, heat, and pain at the site
of a wound. This collective presentation is known as:
A. The four cardinal signs of infection
B. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome
C. The four cardinal signs of inflammation
D. The infection triad
3. Which type of cell is the most abundant white blood cell and is the
primary responder in acute inflammation?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Eosinophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Macrophage
4. The movement of white blood cells to the site of injury in response
to chemical mediators is called:
A. Diapedesis
,B. Opsonization
C. Phagocytosis
D. Chemotaxis
5. What is the hallmark difference between benign and malignant
tumors?
A. Benign tumors grow faster.
B. Malignant tumors are well-differentiated.
C. Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissue and metastasize.
D. Benign tumors are always fatal.
6. The "ABCDE" rule is used for the early detection of which type of
cancer?
A. Breast Cancer
B. Prostate Cancer
C. Melanoma
D. Lung Cancer
7. What does the "E" in the ABCDE rule for melanoma stand for?
A. Elevated
B. Evolving
C. Extensive
D. Enlarged
8. Which gene, known as the "guardian of the genome," is frequently
mutated in many cancers and functions in cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis?
A. BRCA1
B. RAS
, C. p53
D. HER2
9. What is the primary cause of clinical manifestations in Myasthenia
Gravis?
A. Demyelination of CNS neurons
B. Antibodies blocking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular
junction
C. A deficit of dopamine in the basal ganglia
D. Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells
10. In Multiple Sclerosis, the primary pathological process involves:
A. The formation of senile plaques in the brain
B. Autoimmune demyelination of the central nervous system
C. A deficiency of acetylcholine
D. Ischemic damage to the brain tissue
11. A patient with Parkinson's Disease would most likely exhibit which
of the following?
A. Intention tremor
B. Choreaform movements
C. Pill-rolling tremor at rest
D. Bell's Palsy
12. The most common type of stroke is:
A. Hemorrhagic Stroke
B. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
C. Ischemic Stroke
D. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
