WGU patho D236 exam with precise
| | || | | |
detailed answers |
Turner |syndrome |- |correct |answer |A |chromosomal |disorder |in |females |in |which |either |an |*X |
chromosome* |is |missing, |making |the |person |XO |instead |of |XX, |or |part |of |one |X |chromosome |
is |deleted.
Tay-Sachs |Disease |- |correct |answer |A |human |genetic |disease |caused |by |a |recessive |allele |for |a |
dysfunctional |enzyme |leads |to |the |accumulation |of |certain |lipids |in |the |brain. |
Seizures, |blindness, |and |degeneration |of |motor |and |mental |performance |usually |become |
manifest |a |few |months |after |birth, |followed |by |death |within |a |few |years.
Down |syndrome |- |correct |answer |A |condition |of |mild |to |severe |intellectual |disability |and |
associated |physical |disorders |caused |by |an |extra |copy |of |chromosome |21
Diabetes |Insipidus |- |correct |answer |Antidiuretic |hormone |is |not |secreted |adequately, |or |the |
kidney |is |resistant |to |its |effect. |The |*serum |sodium |is |often |elevated* |due |to |excess |free |
water |losses.
In |diabetes |insipidus, |your |blood |glucose |levels |are |normal, |but |your |kidneys |can't |properly |
concentrate |urine.
Cardiac |Valve |Disease |Process |- |correct |answer |In |heart |valve |disease, |one |or |more |of |the |
valves |in |your |heart |doesn't |work |properly. |Regurgitation |(or |leakage |of |the |valve). |When |the |
valve(s) |do |not |close |completely, |it |causes |blood |to |flow |backward |through |the |valve. |This |
reduces |forward |blood |flow |and |can |lead |to |volume |overload |in |the |heart.
Stenosis |(or |narrowing |of |the |valve). |When |the |valve(s) |opening |becomes |narrowed, |it |limits |
the |flow |of |blood |out |of |the |ventricles |or |atria. |The |heart |is |forced |to |pump |blood |with |
increased |force |to |move |blood |through |the |narrowed |or |stiff |(stenotic) |valve(s).
,Cardiac |Valve |Complications |- |correct |answer |Heart |valve |disease |can |cause |many |
complications, |including:
* |Heart |failure.
* |Stroke.
* |Blood |clots.
* |Heart |rhythm |abnormalities.
* |Death.
Respiratory |Illness |from |bats |- |correct |answer |*Viral |hemorrhagic |fevers* |are |spread |by |
contact |with |infected |animals |or |insects. |The |viruses |that |cause |viral |hemorrhagic |fevers |live |in
|a |variety |of |animal |and |insect |hosts. |
Most |commonly, |the |hosts |include |mosquitoes, |ticks, |rodents, |or |bats. |Some |viral |hemorrhagic
|fevers |can |also |be |spread |from |person |to |person.
Anemia |- |correct |answer |Different |types |of |anemia |include:
Anemia |due |to |vitamin |B12 |deficiency
Anemia |due |to |folate |(folic |acid) |deficiency
Anemia |due |to |iron |deficiency
Anemia |of |chronic |disease
Hemolytic |anemia
Idiopathic |aplastic |anemia
Megaloblastic |anemia
Pernicious |anemia
Sickle |cell |anemia
Thalassemia
, Acid |Base |Balance |- |lung |and |kidney |compensation |- |correct |answer |The |kidneys |have |two |
main |ways |to |maintain |acid-base |balance |- |their |cells |reabsorb |bicarbonate |HCO3− |from |the |
urine |back |to |the |blood |and |they |secrete |hydrogen |H+ |ions |into |the |urine. |
By |adjusting |the |amounts |reabsorbed |and |secreted, |they |balance |the |bloodstream's |pH.
Pyelonephritis |- |correct |answer |Inflammation |of |the |renal |pelvis |and |the |kidney
Prostate |cancer |- |correct |answer |Cancer |of |the |prostate |gland |usually |occurs |in |men |middle-
aged |and |older.
Artery |response |during |blood |loss. |
Does |cell |shrink |or |swell |? |- |correct |answer |*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan |Syndrome |- |Autosomal |dominant |trait |- |correct |answer |This |condition |is |inherited |in |
an |autosomal |dominant |pattern |, |which |means |one |copy |of |the |altered |gene |in |each |cell |is |
sufficient |to |cause |the |disorder. |
At |least |25 |percent |of |Marfan |syndrome |cases |result |from |a |new |mutation |in |the |FBN1 |gene
Spina |Bifida |- |correct |answer |Not |having |enough |*folic |acid* |during |pregnancy |is |one |of |the |
most |important |factors |that |can |increase |the |chances |of |having |a |child |with |spina |bifida.
Bursitis |- |correct |answer |Inflammation |of |a |bursa |sac. |Inflammation |of |the |fluid-filled |pads |
(bursae) |that |act |as |cushions |at |the |joints.
Sprains |and |Strains |- |correct |answer |A |sprain |occurs |when |you |overextend |or |tear |a |ligament |
while |severely |stressing |a |joint.A |strain |occurs |when |tendons |(bands |at |the |end |of |muscles |
that |connect |muscles |to |bones) |get |stretched |or |pulled |away |from |the |bone.
| | || | | |
detailed answers |
Turner |syndrome |- |correct |answer |A |chromosomal |disorder |in |females |in |which |either |an |*X |
chromosome* |is |missing, |making |the |person |XO |instead |of |XX, |or |part |of |one |X |chromosome |
is |deleted.
Tay-Sachs |Disease |- |correct |answer |A |human |genetic |disease |caused |by |a |recessive |allele |for |a |
dysfunctional |enzyme |leads |to |the |accumulation |of |certain |lipids |in |the |brain. |
Seizures, |blindness, |and |degeneration |of |motor |and |mental |performance |usually |become |
manifest |a |few |months |after |birth, |followed |by |death |within |a |few |years.
Down |syndrome |- |correct |answer |A |condition |of |mild |to |severe |intellectual |disability |and |
associated |physical |disorders |caused |by |an |extra |copy |of |chromosome |21
Diabetes |Insipidus |- |correct |answer |Antidiuretic |hormone |is |not |secreted |adequately, |or |the |
kidney |is |resistant |to |its |effect. |The |*serum |sodium |is |often |elevated* |due |to |excess |free |
water |losses.
In |diabetes |insipidus, |your |blood |glucose |levels |are |normal, |but |your |kidneys |can't |properly |
concentrate |urine.
Cardiac |Valve |Disease |Process |- |correct |answer |In |heart |valve |disease, |one |or |more |of |the |
valves |in |your |heart |doesn't |work |properly. |Regurgitation |(or |leakage |of |the |valve). |When |the |
valve(s) |do |not |close |completely, |it |causes |blood |to |flow |backward |through |the |valve. |This |
reduces |forward |blood |flow |and |can |lead |to |volume |overload |in |the |heart.
Stenosis |(or |narrowing |of |the |valve). |When |the |valve(s) |opening |becomes |narrowed, |it |limits |
the |flow |of |blood |out |of |the |ventricles |or |atria. |The |heart |is |forced |to |pump |blood |with |
increased |force |to |move |blood |through |the |narrowed |or |stiff |(stenotic) |valve(s).
,Cardiac |Valve |Complications |- |correct |answer |Heart |valve |disease |can |cause |many |
complications, |including:
* |Heart |failure.
* |Stroke.
* |Blood |clots.
* |Heart |rhythm |abnormalities.
* |Death.
Respiratory |Illness |from |bats |- |correct |answer |*Viral |hemorrhagic |fevers* |are |spread |by |
contact |with |infected |animals |or |insects. |The |viruses |that |cause |viral |hemorrhagic |fevers |live |in
|a |variety |of |animal |and |insect |hosts. |
Most |commonly, |the |hosts |include |mosquitoes, |ticks, |rodents, |or |bats. |Some |viral |hemorrhagic
|fevers |can |also |be |spread |from |person |to |person.
Anemia |- |correct |answer |Different |types |of |anemia |include:
Anemia |due |to |vitamin |B12 |deficiency
Anemia |due |to |folate |(folic |acid) |deficiency
Anemia |due |to |iron |deficiency
Anemia |of |chronic |disease
Hemolytic |anemia
Idiopathic |aplastic |anemia
Megaloblastic |anemia
Pernicious |anemia
Sickle |cell |anemia
Thalassemia
, Acid |Base |Balance |- |lung |and |kidney |compensation |- |correct |answer |The |kidneys |have |two |
main |ways |to |maintain |acid-base |balance |- |their |cells |reabsorb |bicarbonate |HCO3− |from |the |
urine |back |to |the |blood |and |they |secrete |hydrogen |H+ |ions |into |the |urine. |
By |adjusting |the |amounts |reabsorbed |and |secreted, |they |balance |the |bloodstream's |pH.
Pyelonephritis |- |correct |answer |Inflammation |of |the |renal |pelvis |and |the |kidney
Prostate |cancer |- |correct |answer |Cancer |of |the |prostate |gland |usually |occurs |in |men |middle-
aged |and |older.
Artery |response |during |blood |loss. |
Does |cell |shrink |or |swell |? |- |correct |answer |*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan |Syndrome |- |Autosomal |dominant |trait |- |correct |answer |This |condition |is |inherited |in |
an |autosomal |dominant |pattern |, |which |means |one |copy |of |the |altered |gene |in |each |cell |is |
sufficient |to |cause |the |disorder. |
At |least |25 |percent |of |Marfan |syndrome |cases |result |from |a |new |mutation |in |the |FBN1 |gene
Spina |Bifida |- |correct |answer |Not |having |enough |*folic |acid* |during |pregnancy |is |one |of |the |
most |important |factors |that |can |increase |the |chances |of |having |a |child |with |spina |bifida.
Bursitis |- |correct |answer |Inflammation |of |a |bursa |sac. |Inflammation |of |the |fluid-filled |pads |
(bursae) |that |act |as |cushions |at |the |joints.
Sprains |and |Strains |- |correct |answer |A |sprain |occurs |when |you |overextend |or |tear |a |ligament |
while |severely |stressing |a |joint.A |strain |occurs |when |tendons |(bands |at |the |end |of |muscles |
that |connect |muscles |to |bones) |get |stretched |or |pulled |away |from |the |bone.
