Test Bank - b b
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for
b b b b b b b
Clinical Practice, 1st Edition (Tkacs, 2021), Chapter 1- b b b b b b b
17 | All Chapters
b b b
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
b b b b b b b b
a. Globulin
b b
b. Albumin
b
c. Clotting factors
b b
d. Complement proteins - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b b bb b
Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dl) is t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
he most abundant plasma protein.
b b b b
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?
b b b b b b b
a. Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
b b b b b b b b b b
b. Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
b b b b b b b b b
c. Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
d. Osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the
b b b b b b b b b b b
interstitium. - ANSWER ANS: D b b bb b
In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein
b b b b b b b b b b b b
malnutrition) or excessive loss of albumin (e.g., certain kidney diseases, extensive burns
b b b b b b b b b b b
),
the reduced oncotic pressure leads to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tissues and decreased blood volume. The other options are not accurate descriptions of t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
he
effect of low plasma albumin.
b b b b
What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?
b b b b b b b b b
a. 20 to 30
b b b
b. 60 to 90
b b b b
c. 100 to 120
b b b
d. 200 to 240 - ANSWER ANS: C
b b b b b bb b
Because it cannot undergo mitotic division, the erythrocyte has a limited life span of appr
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
oximately 120 days. b b
Which statement concerning erythrocytes is true?
b b b b b
a. Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
b b b b b b b
b. Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
b b b
c. Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
b b b b b b b b b b b
d. Erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF) stimulates erythrocytes. -
b b b b b b b
ANSWER ANS: C
b bb b
,Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-
b b b b b b b b b b
like shape, squeeze through the microcirculation, and return to normal. The other option
b b b b b b b b b b b b
s are not accurate statements about erythrocytes.
b b b b b b
Granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, are called:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Eosinophils
b
c. Monocytes
b
d. Basophils - ANSWER ANS: D
b b b bb b
Basophils contain cytoplasmic granules that hold an abundant mixture of biochemical m
b b b b b b b b b b b
ediators, including histamine, chemotactic factors, proteolytic enzymes, and an anticoag
b b b b b b b b b
ulant (heparin) (see Figure 27-
b b b b
3, C). This is not an accurate description of any of the other options.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?
b b b b b b
a. Monocytes
b b
b. Platelets
b b
c. Macrophages
b
d. Erythrocytes - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b bb b
Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-
b b b b b b b b
shaped cytoplasmic fragments that are essential for blood coagulation and control of ble
b b b b b b b b b b b b
eding. This description is not accurate for any of the other options.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:
b b b b b b b b b
a. Monocytes
b b
b. Neutrophils
b b
c. Eosinophils
b
d. Basophils - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
Only monocytes migrate into a variety of tissues and fully mature into tissue macrophage
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
s and myeloid dendritic cells (see Table 27-3).
b b b b b b b
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
cells and some virus-infected cells?
b b b b
a. Lymphocytes
b b
b. Plasma cells
b b
c. Megakaryocytes
b b
d. Natural killer (NK) cells - ANSWER ANS: D
b b b b b b bb b
NK cells, which resemble large granular lymphocytes, kill some types of tumor cells (in vit
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ro) and some virus-
b b b
infected cells without being induced by previous exposure to these antigens. This capabi
b b b b b b b b b b b b
lity is not true of the other options.
b b b b b b b
What is the life span of platelets (in days)?
b b b b b b b b
a. 10b b
, b. 30 b
c. 90
b
d. 120 - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
A platelet circulates for approximately 10 days and ages. Macrophages of the mononucl
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ear phagocyte system, mostly in the spleen, remove platelets.
b b b b b b b b
Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure?
b b b b b
a. Gut b b
b. Spleen
b b
c. Bone marrow
b b
d. Thymus - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b bb b
The spleen is the largest of the secondary lymphoid organs and the site of fetal hematopo
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
iesis
What is the consequence of a splenectomy?
b b b b b b
a. The level of iron in circulation increases.
b b b b b b b
b.Antibody production increases to improve immune function. b b b b b b
c. The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
b b b b b b b b
d. The number of clotting factors increases. - ANSWER ANS: C
b b b b b b b b bb b
Splenic absence from any cause (e.g., atrophy, traumatic injury, removal because of dis
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ease) has several secondary effects on the body, among them an increase in morphologi
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
cally defective blood cells in the circulation, confirming the spleen's role in removing old o
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
r damaged cells. This description of the consequence of a splenectomy is not accurate fo
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
r the other options.
b b b
During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. B lymphocytes proliferate.
b b b
b. The nodes are inflamed.
b b b b
c. The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
b b b b b b
d. The nodes are not properly functioning. - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b b b b b b bb b
The B lymphocyte proliferation in response to significant antigen (e.g., during infection)
b b b b b b b b b b b b
may result in lymph node enlargement and tenderness (reactive lymph node). This descr
b b b b b b b b b b b b
iption is not accurate for the other options.
b b b b b b b
Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Monocytes
b b
c. Eosinophils
b
d. Erythrocytes - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
Neutrophils are the chief phagocytes of early inflammation. b b b b b b b
Which blood cells are biconcave in shape and have the capacity to be reversibly deforme
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
d?
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Monocytes
b
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology: Essentials for
b b b b b b b
Clinical Practice, 1st Edition (Tkacs, 2021), Chapter 1- b b b b b b b
17 | All Chapters
b b b
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
b b b b b b b b
a. Globulin
b b
b. Albumin
b
c. Clotting factors
b b
d. Complement proteins - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b b bb b
Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dl) is t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
he most abundant plasma protein.
b b b b
What is the effect of low plasma albumin?
b b b b b b b
a. Clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
b b b b b b b b b b
b. Fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
b b b b b b b b b
c. Less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
d. Osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the
b b b b b b b b b b b
interstitium. - ANSWER ANS: D b b bb b
In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein
b b b b b b b b b b b b
malnutrition) or excessive loss of albumin (e.g., certain kidney diseases, extensive burns
b b b b b b b b b b b
),
the reduced oncotic pressure leads to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
tissues and decreased blood volume. The other options are not accurate descriptions of t
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
he
effect of low plasma albumin.
b b b b
What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)?
b b b b b b b b b
a. 20 to 30
b b b
b. 60 to 90
b b b b
c. 100 to 120
b b b
d. 200 to 240 - ANSWER ANS: C
b b b b b bb b
Because it cannot undergo mitotic division, the erythrocyte has a limited life span of appr
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
oximately 120 days. b b
Which statement concerning erythrocytes is true?
b b b b b
a. Erythrocytes contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
b b b b b b b
b. Erythrocytes synthesize proteins.
b b b
c. Erythrocytes have the ability to change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
b b b b b b b b b b b
d. Erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF) stimulates erythrocytes. -
b b b b b b b
ANSWER ANS: C
b bb b
,Reversible deformity enables the erythrocyte to assume a more compact torpedo-
b b b b b b b b b b
like shape, squeeze through the microcirculation, and return to normal. The other option
b b b b b b b b b b b b
s are not accurate statements about erythrocytes.
b b b b b b
Granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, are called:
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Eosinophils
b
c. Monocytes
b
d. Basophils - ANSWER ANS: D
b b b bb b
Basophils contain cytoplasmic granules that hold an abundant mixture of biochemical m
b b b b b b b b b b b
ediators, including histamine, chemotactic factors, proteolytic enzymes, and an anticoag
b b b b b b b b b
ulant (heparin) (see Figure 27-
b b b b
3, C). This is not an accurate description of any of the other options.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Which of the following are formed elements of the blood that are not cells but are disk-
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting?
b b b b b b
a. Monocytes
b b
b. Platelets
b b
c. Macrophages
b
d. Erythrocytes - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b bb b
Platelets (thrombocytes) are not true cells but are disk-
b b b b b b b b
shaped cytoplasmic fragments that are essential for blood coagulation and control of ble
b b b b b b b b b b b b
eding. This description is not accurate for any of the other options.
b b b b b b b b b b b
Blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known as:
b b b b b b b b b
a. Monocytes
b b
b. Neutrophils
b b
c. Eosinophils
b
d. Basophils - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
Only monocytes migrate into a variety of tissues and fully mature into tissue macrophage
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
s and myeloid dendritic cells (see Table 27-3).
b b b b b b b
Without prior exposure to an antigen, which cells are able to destroy some types of tumor
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
cells and some virus-infected cells?
b b b b
a. Lymphocytes
b b
b. Plasma cells
b b
c. Megakaryocytes
b b
d. Natural killer (NK) cells - ANSWER ANS: D
b b b b b b bb b
NK cells, which resemble large granular lymphocytes, kill some types of tumor cells (in vit
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
ro) and some virus-
b b b
infected cells without being induced by previous exposure to these antigens. This capabi
b b b b b b b b b b b b
lity is not true of the other options.
b b b b b b b
What is the life span of platelets (in days)?
b b b b b b b b
a. 10b b
, b. 30 b
c. 90
b
d. 120 - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
A platelet circulates for approximately 10 days and ages. Macrophages of the mononucl
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ear phagocyte system, mostly in the spleen, remove platelets.
b b b b b b b b
Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure?
b b b b b
a. Gut b b
b. Spleen
b b
c. Bone marrow
b b
d. Thymus - ANSWER ANS: B
b b b bb b
The spleen is the largest of the secondary lymphoid organs and the site of fetal hematopo
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
iesis
What is the consequence of a splenectomy?
b b b b b b
a. The level of iron in circulation increases.
b b b b b b b
b.Antibody production increases to improve immune function. b b b b b b
c. The number of defective cells in circulation increases.
b b b b b b b b
d. The number of clotting factors increases. - ANSWER ANS: C
b b b b b b b b bb b
Splenic absence from any cause (e.g., atrophy, traumatic injury, removal because of dis
b b b b b b b b b b b b
ease) has several secondary effects on the body, among them an increase in morphologi
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
cally defective blood cells in the circulation, confirming the spleen's role in removing old o
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
r damaged cells. This description of the consequence of a splenectomy is not accurate fo
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
r the other options.
b b b
During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. B lymphocytes proliferate.
b b b
b. The nodes are inflamed.
b b b b
c. The nodes fill with purulent exudate.
b b b b b b
d. The nodes are not properly functioning. - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b b b b b b bb b
The B lymphocyte proliferation in response to significant antigen (e.g., during infection)
b b b b b b b b b b b b
may result in lymph node enlargement and tenderness (reactive lymph node). This descr
b b b b b b b b b b b b
iption is not accurate for the other options.
b b b b b b b
Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Monocytes
b b
c. Eosinophils
b
d. Erythrocytes - ANSWER ANS: A
b b b bb b
Neutrophils are the chief phagocytes of early inflammation. b b b b b b b
Which blood cells are biconcave in shape and have the capacity to be reversibly deforme
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
d?
a. Neutrophils
b b
b. Monocytes
b
