Pathophysiology Exam 1 ETSU Nursing | | || | |
with verified answers
| |
Mutation |- |correct |answer |Any |inherited |alteration |of |genetic |material.
DNA |- |correct |answer |Deoxyribonucleic |acid, |a |self-replicating |material |present |in |nearly |all |
living |organisms |as |the |main |constituent |of |chromosomes. |It |is |the |carrier |of |genetic |
information.
What |is |DNA |composed |of? |- |correct |answer |It |is |a |double |helix |model- |The |ladders |are |
composed |of |deoxyribose |and |phosphate |while |the |rungs |are |4 |types |of |nitrogenous |bases |
(adenine, |thymine, |guanine, |and |cytosine)
Complementary |base |pairing |- |correct |answer |In |DNA, |T |pairs |with |A; |G |pairs |with |C; |This |is |
the |key |to |accurate |replication
In |RNA, |U |pairs |with |A |and |G |pairs |with |C
DNA |and |Coding |- |correct |answer |DNA |directs |the |synthesis |or |production |of |all |the |body's |
proteins
Proteins |- |correct |answer |Composed |of |one |or |more |polypeptides |that |consist |of |sequences |of
|amino |acids
Amino |acids |- |correct |answer |Building |blocks |of |proteins; |the |body |contains |20 |different |types
Codons |- |correct |answer |Every |3 |nitrogenous |bases |is |a |codon |that |codes |for |one |amino |acid
Chromosomes |- |correct |answer |Contains |genes |which |are |comprised |of |DNA |and |are |the |basic
|units |of |inheritance
,Genes |- |correct |answer |Composed |of |DNA |sequences |and |are |the |blueprints |of |proteins |in |the
|body |genes |influence |all |aspects |of |body |structure |and |function. |Genes |are |found |in |
chromosomes.
DNA |-> |GENES |-> |CHROMOSOMES |-> |NUCLEUS |- |correct |answer |Genes |are |made |of |of |DNA. |
Genes |are |the |functional |regions |of |DNA. |Together |they |make |chromosomes. |Chromosomes |
are |housed |in |a |cell's |nucleus.
DNA |polymerase |- |correct |answer |Enzyme |involved |in |DNA |replication |that |joins |individual |
nucleotides |to |produce |a |DNA |molecule. |Enhances |the |accuracy |of |DNA |replication |and |
prevents |mutations.
Mutagens |- |correct |answer |Increase |frequency |of |mutations. |
Examples: |radiation, |chemicals, |smoke, |alcohol
Spontaneous |mutation |- |correct |answer |A |mutation |that |occurs |without |exposure |to |a |
mutagen
How |many |chromosomes |can |be |found |in |each |human |cell? |- |correct |answer |46 |
chromosomes, |23 |pairs |(23 |from |Mom |& |23 |from |Dad) |in |Somatic |Cells |and |23 |chromosomes |
in |Gametes
How |can |human |cells |be |categorized? |- |correct |answer |Somatic |Cells |& |Gametes
Somatic |Cells |- |correct |answer |All |cells |of |the |body |except |gametes |(sex |cells). |Their |nucleus |
contains |46 |chromosomes, |23 |pairs. |They |are |considered |diploid, |Mother |and |Father |donate |
one |chromosome |per |pair.
Gametes |- |correct |answer |Sex |cells |(Sperm |and |Egg |Cells)- |Only |23 |chromosomes, |making |
them |haploid.
, Autosomes |- |correct |answer |The |first |22 |out |of |23 |pairs |of |chromosomes, |virtually |identical |
and |homologous
Sex |Chromosomes |- |correct |answer |The |23rd |pair |of |chromosomes-
Females |are |homologous |(XX)
Males |are |non-homologous |(XY)
Karyotype |- |correct |answer |Ordered |display |of |chromosomes, |largest |to |smallest- |X |is |larger |
than |Y |on |23rd |pair
Chromosomal |Aberrations |- |correct |answer |Leading |cause |of |intellectual |disability |and |
miscarriage
Euploid |- |correct |answer |Normal |number |of |chromosomes |within |a |cell |(46)
Aneuploidy |- |correct |answer |Abnormal |number |of |chromosomes, |can |be |missing |or |have |an |
extra
Diploid |- |correct |answer |(2n) |Containing |two |complete |sets |of |chromosomes, |one |from |each |
parent |(autosomes |& |somatic |cells)
Haploid |- |correct |answer |(n) |A |single |set |of |unpaired |chromosomes |(gametes |or |sex |
chromosomes)
Polyploidy |- |correct |answer |A |chromosomal |alteration |in |which |the |organism |possesses |more |
than |two |complete |chromosome |sets |(triploidy |& |tetraploidy)
Triploidy |- |correct |answer |(3n) |three |sets |of |chromosomes |(3x23=69) |Fetus |does |not |survive
Tetraploidy |- |correct |answer |(4n) |four |sets |of |chromosomes |(4x23=92) |Fetus |does |not |survive
with verified answers
| |
Mutation |- |correct |answer |Any |inherited |alteration |of |genetic |material.
DNA |- |correct |answer |Deoxyribonucleic |acid, |a |self-replicating |material |present |in |nearly |all |
living |organisms |as |the |main |constituent |of |chromosomes. |It |is |the |carrier |of |genetic |
information.
What |is |DNA |composed |of? |- |correct |answer |It |is |a |double |helix |model- |The |ladders |are |
composed |of |deoxyribose |and |phosphate |while |the |rungs |are |4 |types |of |nitrogenous |bases |
(adenine, |thymine, |guanine, |and |cytosine)
Complementary |base |pairing |- |correct |answer |In |DNA, |T |pairs |with |A; |G |pairs |with |C; |This |is |
the |key |to |accurate |replication
In |RNA, |U |pairs |with |A |and |G |pairs |with |C
DNA |and |Coding |- |correct |answer |DNA |directs |the |synthesis |or |production |of |all |the |body's |
proteins
Proteins |- |correct |answer |Composed |of |one |or |more |polypeptides |that |consist |of |sequences |of
|amino |acids
Amino |acids |- |correct |answer |Building |blocks |of |proteins; |the |body |contains |20 |different |types
Codons |- |correct |answer |Every |3 |nitrogenous |bases |is |a |codon |that |codes |for |one |amino |acid
Chromosomes |- |correct |answer |Contains |genes |which |are |comprised |of |DNA |and |are |the |basic
|units |of |inheritance
,Genes |- |correct |answer |Composed |of |DNA |sequences |and |are |the |blueprints |of |proteins |in |the
|body |genes |influence |all |aspects |of |body |structure |and |function. |Genes |are |found |in |
chromosomes.
DNA |-> |GENES |-> |CHROMOSOMES |-> |NUCLEUS |- |correct |answer |Genes |are |made |of |of |DNA. |
Genes |are |the |functional |regions |of |DNA. |Together |they |make |chromosomes. |Chromosomes |
are |housed |in |a |cell's |nucleus.
DNA |polymerase |- |correct |answer |Enzyme |involved |in |DNA |replication |that |joins |individual |
nucleotides |to |produce |a |DNA |molecule. |Enhances |the |accuracy |of |DNA |replication |and |
prevents |mutations.
Mutagens |- |correct |answer |Increase |frequency |of |mutations. |
Examples: |radiation, |chemicals, |smoke, |alcohol
Spontaneous |mutation |- |correct |answer |A |mutation |that |occurs |without |exposure |to |a |
mutagen
How |many |chromosomes |can |be |found |in |each |human |cell? |- |correct |answer |46 |
chromosomes, |23 |pairs |(23 |from |Mom |& |23 |from |Dad) |in |Somatic |Cells |and |23 |chromosomes |
in |Gametes
How |can |human |cells |be |categorized? |- |correct |answer |Somatic |Cells |& |Gametes
Somatic |Cells |- |correct |answer |All |cells |of |the |body |except |gametes |(sex |cells). |Their |nucleus |
contains |46 |chromosomes, |23 |pairs. |They |are |considered |diploid, |Mother |and |Father |donate |
one |chromosome |per |pair.
Gametes |- |correct |answer |Sex |cells |(Sperm |and |Egg |Cells)- |Only |23 |chromosomes, |making |
them |haploid.
, Autosomes |- |correct |answer |The |first |22 |out |of |23 |pairs |of |chromosomes, |virtually |identical |
and |homologous
Sex |Chromosomes |- |correct |answer |The |23rd |pair |of |chromosomes-
Females |are |homologous |(XX)
Males |are |non-homologous |(XY)
Karyotype |- |correct |answer |Ordered |display |of |chromosomes, |largest |to |smallest- |X |is |larger |
than |Y |on |23rd |pair
Chromosomal |Aberrations |- |correct |answer |Leading |cause |of |intellectual |disability |and |
miscarriage
Euploid |- |correct |answer |Normal |number |of |chromosomes |within |a |cell |(46)
Aneuploidy |- |correct |answer |Abnormal |number |of |chromosomes, |can |be |missing |or |have |an |
extra
Diploid |- |correct |answer |(2n) |Containing |two |complete |sets |of |chromosomes, |one |from |each |
parent |(autosomes |& |somatic |cells)
Haploid |- |correct |answer |(n) |A |single |set |of |unpaired |chromosomes |(gametes |or |sex |
chromosomes)
Polyploidy |- |correct |answer |A |chromosomal |alteration |in |which |the |organism |possesses |more |
than |two |complete |chromosome |sets |(triploidy |& |tetraploidy)
Triploidy |- |correct |answer |(3n) |three |sets |of |chromosomes |(3x23=69) |Fetus |does |not |survive
Tetraploidy |- |correct |answer |(4n) |four |sets |of |chromosomes |(4x23=92) |Fetus |does |not |survive
