Latest Update 2025- 2026 Correct
Answers- Solutions A+ Graded
statisticsi-
iANSWERitheimathematicaliscienceithatidealsiwithitheicollection,ianalysis,iandipres
entationiofidata,iwhichicanithenibeiusediasiaibasisiforiinferenceiandiinduction.iLogic
aliandiintuitive.
datai-
i ANSWERitheifoundationiforistatisticsi Valuesiassig
neditoiobservationsiorimeasurements.
Rawifactsiandifiguresithatipertainitoiaimeasurementiofiinterest.
informationi-
iANSWERidataithatiareitransformediintoiusefulifactsithaticanibeiusediforiaispecificip
urpose,isuchiasimakingiaidecision,imakingiaisale,ipredictingipatterns,ietc
canibeidoneibyiobservingipatternsioritrendsiinidata
directiobservationiorifocusigroupi-iANSWERi1iofi3itypesiofiprimaryidataicollection
directiobservation:iObservingisubjectsiinitheirinaturalienvironmentiFocusi
group:iaskingiaigroupitoidoisomething
Example:iWatchingitoiseeiifidriversistopiatiaistopisigniexperimentsi
-
i ANSWERi2iofi3itypesiofiprimaryidataicollectioniTreatmentsiareiapp
liediinicontrollediconditions
Example:iCropigrowthifromidifferentiplotsiusingidifferentifertilizers
, surveys/questionnairesi-
i ANSWERi3iofi3itypesiofiprimaryidataicollectioniSubjectsiareiaskeditoirespo
nditoiquestionsioridiscussiattitudes
Subjectitoimuchibias
Example:iE-
mailisurveysitoicustomersitoiassessiserviceiqualityiqualitativei(categorical
)idatai-
i ANSWERiclassifiedibyidescriptiveitermsibrokenidowniintoinominaliandiord
inal
nominal:iarbitraryilabels.inoiranking.iEx.izipicodes
ordinal:irankingiallowedibutinoimeasurableimeaningitoitheinumberidifferences.iEx.i
educationilevelsi(masters,idoctorate);igood,ibetter,ibest;ifreshman,isophomore,ijun
ior
quantitativeidatai-
iANSWERidescribedibyinumericalivalues.imustibeicountediorimeasured.
brokenidowniintoiintervaliandiratio
interval:imeaningfulidifferences.inoitrueizeroipoint.iex.icalendariyear
ratio:imeaningfulidifferences.itrueizeroipoint.iex.iincome;ipercentageicomparisons
timeiseriesidatai-
iANSWERivaluesithaticorrespond itoispecificimeasurementsitakenioveriairangei
ofitimeiperiodsiex.i2000-2016iDJIA;iunemploymentifromi2008-2017
crossisectionidatai-
iANSWERivaluesicollectedifromiainumberiofisubjectsiduring iaisingleitimeiperiod.iex.
iunemploymentiratesiini2012iacrossistates
descriptiveistatisticsi-
iANSWERiCollecting,isummarizing,iandidisplayingidataiTheimajorityiofistatistic