PSYCH 302 - HUMAN LEARNING AND
MEMORY EXAM 1
Memory - Correct Answers -Retention of information over time
Memory Illusion - Correct Answers -false but subjectively compelling memory usually by
out tendency to go beyond the information available to it
Observer memory - Correct Answers -a memory in which we see ourselves as an
outside observer would
Field Memory - Correct Answers -a memory in which we see the world through our
visual field
The 3 systems of memory - Correct Answers -1. Sensory Memory
2. Short-term memory
3. Long-term memory
These memories have different functions/purposes and vary in SPAN (how much) and
DURATION (how long)
Sensory Memory - Correct Answers -Raw materials of our experiences, our perceptions
of the world. Holds these perceptions for a few seconds.
Short-term Memory - Correct Answers -Works actively w/info, transforming into
meaningful material before passing it to another system
Long-term memory - Correct Answers -permits us to retain important information for a
long time, even years and decades. Includes facts, experiences and skills that we've
acquired over our lifetimes.
Iconic Memory - Correct Answers -the type of sensory memory that applies to vision.
Lasts about 1s and then gone forever.
Sperling - Correct Answers -concluded that our iconic memories fade so quickly that we
can't access all the info before it disappears.
, Eidetic imagery - Correct Answers -"photographic memory" -- psychologists believe this
memory reflects an unusually long persistence of iconic image BUT these usually
contain minor errors.
echoic memory - Correct Answers -sensory memory that applies to hearing. Lasts
longer than visual, about 10 seconds.
Working Memory - Correct Answers -Our ability to hold on to information we're currently
thinking about, attend to, or processing actively.
"workspace where construction happens"
Decay - Correct Answers -fade over time - characteristic of STM
Interference - Correct Answers -our memories get in the way of each other - competition
for incoming information. Very likely to occur if the different stimuli are similar.
The strength of either or other memories may be reduced.
Proactive Interference - Correct Answers -When old information gets in the way of new
learning - old interferes with new
Retroactive Interference - Correct Answers -When learning something new hampers
earlier meaning - new interferes with old
Magic Number - Correct Answers -STM capacity is extremely limited, span is 7 plus or
minus 2 -- applies to just about all information we encounter: numbers, letters, people,
vegetables, etc.
Chunking - Correct Answers -organizing material into meaningful groupings -- increases
SPAN and expands ability to remember things in STM and exceed magic number
limitations.
Rehearsal - Correct Answers -Craik & Lockhart = repeating info mentally, or even out
loud to keep it "alive" in STM -- strategy that extends DURATION of info in STM
Maintenance Rehearsal - Correct Answers -repeating the stimuli in original form -- don't
attempt to change stimuli in any way. (i.e. repeating a phone number until we write it
down)
Elaborative Rehearsal - Correct Answers -A rehearsal in which we link stimuli that we
need to remember in some meaningful way (i.e. trying to understand their relationship)
Paired-associate task - Correct Answers -investigator presents various pairs of words
(dog-shoe, monkey-key) and then presents participants with the first word and expects
them to remember the second word/pair.
MEMORY EXAM 1
Memory - Correct Answers -Retention of information over time
Memory Illusion - Correct Answers -false but subjectively compelling memory usually by
out tendency to go beyond the information available to it
Observer memory - Correct Answers -a memory in which we see ourselves as an
outside observer would
Field Memory - Correct Answers -a memory in which we see the world through our
visual field
The 3 systems of memory - Correct Answers -1. Sensory Memory
2. Short-term memory
3. Long-term memory
These memories have different functions/purposes and vary in SPAN (how much) and
DURATION (how long)
Sensory Memory - Correct Answers -Raw materials of our experiences, our perceptions
of the world. Holds these perceptions for a few seconds.
Short-term Memory - Correct Answers -Works actively w/info, transforming into
meaningful material before passing it to another system
Long-term memory - Correct Answers -permits us to retain important information for a
long time, even years and decades. Includes facts, experiences and skills that we've
acquired over our lifetimes.
Iconic Memory - Correct Answers -the type of sensory memory that applies to vision.
Lasts about 1s and then gone forever.
Sperling - Correct Answers -concluded that our iconic memories fade so quickly that we
can't access all the info before it disappears.
, Eidetic imagery - Correct Answers -"photographic memory" -- psychologists believe this
memory reflects an unusually long persistence of iconic image BUT these usually
contain minor errors.
echoic memory - Correct Answers -sensory memory that applies to hearing. Lasts
longer than visual, about 10 seconds.
Working Memory - Correct Answers -Our ability to hold on to information we're currently
thinking about, attend to, or processing actively.
"workspace where construction happens"
Decay - Correct Answers -fade over time - characteristic of STM
Interference - Correct Answers -our memories get in the way of each other - competition
for incoming information. Very likely to occur if the different stimuli are similar.
The strength of either or other memories may be reduced.
Proactive Interference - Correct Answers -When old information gets in the way of new
learning - old interferes with new
Retroactive Interference - Correct Answers -When learning something new hampers
earlier meaning - new interferes with old
Magic Number - Correct Answers -STM capacity is extremely limited, span is 7 plus or
minus 2 -- applies to just about all information we encounter: numbers, letters, people,
vegetables, etc.
Chunking - Correct Answers -organizing material into meaningful groupings -- increases
SPAN and expands ability to remember things in STM and exceed magic number
limitations.
Rehearsal - Correct Answers -Craik & Lockhart = repeating info mentally, or even out
loud to keep it "alive" in STM -- strategy that extends DURATION of info in STM
Maintenance Rehearsal - Correct Answers -repeating the stimuli in original form -- don't
attempt to change stimuli in any way. (i.e. repeating a phone number until we write it
down)
Elaborative Rehearsal - Correct Answers -A rehearsal in which we link stimuli that we
need to remember in some meaningful way (i.e. trying to understand their relationship)
Paired-associate task - Correct Answers -investigator presents various pairs of words
(dog-shoe, monkey-key) and then presents participants with the first word and expects
them to remember the second word/pair.
