Bio 204 practical 4 / labs 9 & 10
1. What are the apomophies of Ecdysozoa?: Cuticular integument - aids in protection and water
loss
ecdysis
- sheds its integument
ex: bee, spider, centipede
2. What are the apomophies of Nematoda?: cuticle composed of collagen / chitin
move in longitudinal muscles only
- undulations
can be parasitic
ex: roundworms, trichinella (found in raw pork)
3. What is a general Nematoda life cycle?: Adult worm > eggs passed in animal feces > eggs
embryonate in 5 days+ > first stage larvae in feces (L1) > second stage larvae in feces (L2) > third stage (infective
L3) larvae migrate onto grass in app 3 weeks > ingested L3 develop through L4 and L5 to adult egg laying worms
4. What are the apomophies of Tardigrada and Onychophora: sister taxa
open circulatory system
- hemolymph
,appendages for locomotion
chitinous cuticle
5. What are some characteristics of Tardigrada?: 13,000 species
extremophiles
cryptobiosis
- dormant for long periods of time
- dehydrates itself and slow metabolic activity
, e time, the other
6. What does an open circulatory system mean?: the hymocel is in tubes half th
times it is flowing around the body freely. to a cavity called
Hymocel = an open circulatory system, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels, but is pumped in
a hemocoel. The blood is called hemolymph because it mixes with the interstitial fluid.
7. What are some characteristics of Onychophora?: Known as velvet worms
found in leafy habitats
they are predatory
8. What are some characteristics of Arthropoda?: most diverse clade of animals
compound eyes
- ommatidia
joined appendages
- strong exoskeleton
chitinous exoskeleton
- protection, helps muscles retract
9. What are some characteristics of Chelicerata?: Sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and arachnids
1. What are the apomophies of Ecdysozoa?: Cuticular integument - aids in protection and water
loss
ecdysis
- sheds its integument
ex: bee, spider, centipede
2. What are the apomophies of Nematoda?: cuticle composed of collagen / chitin
move in longitudinal muscles only
- undulations
can be parasitic
ex: roundworms, trichinella (found in raw pork)
3. What is a general Nematoda life cycle?: Adult worm > eggs passed in animal feces > eggs
embryonate in 5 days+ > first stage larvae in feces (L1) > second stage larvae in feces (L2) > third stage (infective
L3) larvae migrate onto grass in app 3 weeks > ingested L3 develop through L4 and L5 to adult egg laying worms
4. What are the apomophies of Tardigrada and Onychophora: sister taxa
open circulatory system
- hemolymph
,appendages for locomotion
chitinous cuticle
5. What are some characteristics of Tardigrada?: 13,000 species
extremophiles
cryptobiosis
- dormant for long periods of time
- dehydrates itself and slow metabolic activity
, e time, the other
6. What does an open circulatory system mean?: the hymocel is in tubes half th
times it is flowing around the body freely. to a cavity called
Hymocel = an open circulatory system, the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels, but is pumped in
a hemocoel. The blood is called hemolymph because it mixes with the interstitial fluid.
7. What are some characteristics of Onychophora?: Known as velvet worms
found in leafy habitats
they are predatory
8. What are some characteristics of Arthropoda?: most diverse clade of animals
compound eyes
- ommatidia
joined appendages
- strong exoskeleton
chitinous exoskeleton
- protection, helps muscles retract
9. What are some characteristics of Chelicerata?: Sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, and arachnids
