INVESTIGATED VTNE
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What toxicity is caused by ingestion of these items? (pennies) - CORRECT ANSWER -Zinc toxicity
Any penny minted after 1982 contains a large amount of zinc, leading to zinc toxicity in animals even
from just a single penny.
Which of the following would you use to induce emesis in cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Xylazine
The correct answer is xylazine. This is an alpha-2 agonist and produces emesis reliably in the cat.
The medications Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine can both be used for which purpose? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Appetite stimulation
Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine are both commonly used as appetite rstimulants rin rveterinary
rmedicine.
Dorzolamide rophthalmic rdrops rmay rbe rused rin rtreating rwhat reye rcondition? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-
rGlaucoma
Dorzolamide ris ra rcarbonic ranhydrase rinhibitor rthat ris ra rcommon reye rdrop rused rin rthe rtreatment rof
rglaucoma r(increased reye rpressures). rThis rdrug rhelps rto rdecrease raqueous rproduction rin rthe reye,
rthus rlowering rintraocular rpressure.
,Which rof rthe rfollowing rbest rdescribes rthe rtherapeutic rindex rof ra rdrug? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-The
rratio rbetween rthe reffective rdose rand rthe rtoxic rdose
The rtherapeutic rindex ris ra rmeasure rof ra rdrug's rsafety rmargin. rIt ris rdefined ras rthe rratio rbetween rthe
reffective rdose r(ED50) rand rthe rlethal rdose r(LD50) rto ra rpopulation.
Lincosamides r(such ras rlincomycin rand rclindamycin) rare rcontraindicated rfor ruse rin rwhich rspecies rof
ranimal? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Equine
Lincosamides rare rcontraindicated rin rhorses, rruminants, rrodents, rand rrabbits. rThese rdrugs rcan
rcause rsevere rgastrointestinal reffects rin rthese rspecies rand rcan reven rresult rin rdeath.
Which rof rthe rfollowing rmedications ris rcommonly rfound rover-the-counter r(OTC)? r- rCORRECT rANSWER
r- rDiphenhydramine
The rother rname rfor rdiphenhydramine ris rBenadryl rand rcan rbe rfound rover-the-counter.
Hydrocodone ris rcommonly rused ras ra rcough rsuppressant rin rveterinary rmedicine rand ris ra rcontrolled
rsubstance rrequiring ra rprescription.
Doxycycline r(an rantibiotic) rand rPimobendan r(a rheart rmedication) rare rby rprescription ronly.
Which rtoxicity ris rnot ra rcommon rconcern rin rcattle? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Iron rtoxicity
Iron rtoxicity ris rmost rcommon rin rnewborn rpigs. rAspergillus rtoxicosis ris rcaused rby rmoldy rfeed. rSalt
rtoxicity ris rcaused rby rconsumption rof rexcessive rsalt rand rlack rof radequate ramounts rof rwater. rLead
rtoxicity ris rassociated rwith rseeding rand rharvesting ractivities rwhen rused roil rand rbattery rdisposal
rfrom rmachinery ris rhandled rimproperly.
,Of rthe rfollowing, rwhich rdrug ris rconsidered ran raminoglycoside? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Gentamicin
Gentamicin ris ran raminoglycoside rand rthese rdrugs, rwith rthe rexception rof ramikacin, rcan rbe ridentified
rwith rthe r-micin ror r-mycin rsuffix rin rthe rchemical rname. rEnrofloxacin r(Baytril) ris ra rfluoroquinolone.
Fluoroquinolones rcan rbe ridentified rby rtheir r-floxacin rsuffix rin rthe rgeneric rname. rCephalexin r(Keflex)
ris ra rcephalosporin rwhich rcan rbe ridentified rby rthe rpre-fix r-ceph ror r-cef rin rmost rof rthe rdrugs rof rthis
rgroup.
Itraconazole r(Sporonox) ris ran rantifungal ragent. rAntifungal rmedications rhave rthe rsuffix r-azole.
rDoxycycline r(Vibramycin) ris rin rthe rtetracycline rfamily rof rdrugs rrecognized rby rthe r-cycline rsuffix.
Patients rthat rhave rreceived rprednisone rchronically rneed rto rbe rtapered roff rslowly rto ravoid rwhich rof
rthe rfollowing? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Signs rof rhypoadrenocorticism
Chronic rprednisone radministration rcan rlead rto ratrophy rof rthe radrenal rgland rdue rto rthe rabsence rof
rsignaling rto rproduce rcortisol. rIf rprednisone ris rsuddenly rstopped, rthe radrenal rgland rwill rnot rbe
rcapable rof rproducing renough rcortisol, rand rthe ranimal rmay rshow rsigns rof rhypoadrenocorticism
r(Addison's rdisease).
Which rdrug ris rknown ras ran rACE-inhibitor? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Enalapril
Ace-inhibitors rlike renalapril rare rvasodilators rwhich rblock rangiotensin-converting renzyme rto rprevent
rangiotensin rII r(a rvacosconstrictor) rand raldosterone r(causes rsodium rretention) rfrom rforming. rAce-
rinhibitors rhelp rto rrelax rsmooth rmuscle rin rthe rarterioles rand rveins. rThey rare rmost rcommonly
rused rin rcases rof rheart rand rkidney rdisease.
Note rthat race-inhibitor rdrugs rusually rend rin ra r"pril" r(benazapril, rcaptopril, renalapril, retc.)
How rdo roral rflea rcontrol rproducts rsuch ras rProgram ror rSentinel rwork? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Stopping
regg rhatching
These rproducts rinterfere rwith rchitin rsynthesis. rThe rflea's r"egg rtooth", rwhich ris rmade rof rchitin, ris
rno rlonger rable rto rhelp rthe rflea rhatch rfrom rthe regg. rAnother rpossible rcorrect rchoice, rbut rnot
rprovided,
, would rbe rthat rfemales rproduce rsterile reggs. rFemale rfleas rmay rproduce r150-300 reggs rper rweek r(or
rup rto r50 reggs ra rday). rThese rproducts rdo rnot rkill radult rfleas.
A r5-year rold rLabrador rhas rdeveloped rhemorrhagic rgastroenteritis. rThe rclinician rhas rinstructed
ryou rto rstart rhim ron rMetronidazole rat ra rdose rof r10 rmg/kg rintravenously rtwice rdaily.
rMetronidazole ris ravailable rin ra r5 rmg/ml rsolution. rHow rmany rmilliliters rare rnecessary rper rdose?
rThe rdog's rbody rweight ris r80 rlbs. r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-73 rml
First, rconvert rthe rdog's rbody rweight rto rkilograms.
80 rlbs r/ r(2.2 rlbs/kg) r= r36.4 rkg
Now rdetermine rhow rmany rmilligrams rare rnecessary rper rdose.
36.4 rkg rx r(10 rmg/kg) r= r364 rmg r(notice rthe rkilograms rcancel rout)
Finally, rdetermine rhow rmany rmilliliters rare rin r364 rmg.
364 rmg r/ r(5 rmg/ml) r= r73 rml r(notice rthe rmilligrams rcancel rout)
You rshould rnot rgive ra rphenothiazine rtranquilizer rto ran ranimal rwith rwhich rdisease? r- rCORRECT
rANSWER r- rEpilepsy
Phenothiazine rtranquilizers rsuch ras racepromazine ror rchlorpromazine rare rtraditionally rthought rto rbe
rcontraindicated rin rpatients rwith rseizure rdisorders. rMore rrecent rresearch rhas rshown rthat rthey rare
rnot rnearly ras rdangerous ras roriginally rperceived rand rsome rdon't rconsider rthese rmedications ras
rbeing rcontraindicated.
What ris rthe rprimary rtoxic rprinciple rin rchocolate? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Theobromine
PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What toxicity is caused by ingestion of these items? (pennies) - CORRECT ANSWER -Zinc toxicity
Any penny minted after 1982 contains a large amount of zinc, leading to zinc toxicity in animals even
from just a single penny.
Which of the following would you use to induce emesis in cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Xylazine
The correct answer is xylazine. This is an alpha-2 agonist and produces emesis reliably in the cat.
The medications Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine can both be used for which purpose? - CORRECT
ANSWER -Appetite stimulation
Mirtazapine and Cyproheptadine are both commonly used as appetite rstimulants rin rveterinary
rmedicine.
Dorzolamide rophthalmic rdrops rmay rbe rused rin rtreating rwhat reye rcondition? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-
rGlaucoma
Dorzolamide ris ra rcarbonic ranhydrase rinhibitor rthat ris ra rcommon reye rdrop rused rin rthe rtreatment rof
rglaucoma r(increased reye rpressures). rThis rdrug rhelps rto rdecrease raqueous rproduction rin rthe reye,
rthus rlowering rintraocular rpressure.
,Which rof rthe rfollowing rbest rdescribes rthe rtherapeutic rindex rof ra rdrug? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-The
rratio rbetween rthe reffective rdose rand rthe rtoxic rdose
The rtherapeutic rindex ris ra rmeasure rof ra rdrug's rsafety rmargin. rIt ris rdefined ras rthe rratio rbetween rthe
reffective rdose r(ED50) rand rthe rlethal rdose r(LD50) rto ra rpopulation.
Lincosamides r(such ras rlincomycin rand rclindamycin) rare rcontraindicated rfor ruse rin rwhich rspecies rof
ranimal? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Equine
Lincosamides rare rcontraindicated rin rhorses, rruminants, rrodents, rand rrabbits. rThese rdrugs rcan
rcause rsevere rgastrointestinal reffects rin rthese rspecies rand rcan reven rresult rin rdeath.
Which rof rthe rfollowing rmedications ris rcommonly rfound rover-the-counter r(OTC)? r- rCORRECT rANSWER
r- rDiphenhydramine
The rother rname rfor rdiphenhydramine ris rBenadryl rand rcan rbe rfound rover-the-counter.
Hydrocodone ris rcommonly rused ras ra rcough rsuppressant rin rveterinary rmedicine rand ris ra rcontrolled
rsubstance rrequiring ra rprescription.
Doxycycline r(an rantibiotic) rand rPimobendan r(a rheart rmedication) rare rby rprescription ronly.
Which rtoxicity ris rnot ra rcommon rconcern rin rcattle? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Iron rtoxicity
Iron rtoxicity ris rmost rcommon rin rnewborn rpigs. rAspergillus rtoxicosis ris rcaused rby rmoldy rfeed. rSalt
rtoxicity ris rcaused rby rconsumption rof rexcessive rsalt rand rlack rof radequate ramounts rof rwater. rLead
rtoxicity ris rassociated rwith rseeding rand rharvesting ractivities rwhen rused roil rand rbattery rdisposal
rfrom rmachinery ris rhandled rimproperly.
,Of rthe rfollowing, rwhich rdrug ris rconsidered ran raminoglycoside? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Gentamicin
Gentamicin ris ran raminoglycoside rand rthese rdrugs, rwith rthe rexception rof ramikacin, rcan rbe ridentified
rwith rthe r-micin ror r-mycin rsuffix rin rthe rchemical rname. rEnrofloxacin r(Baytril) ris ra rfluoroquinolone.
Fluoroquinolones rcan rbe ridentified rby rtheir r-floxacin rsuffix rin rthe rgeneric rname. rCephalexin r(Keflex)
ris ra rcephalosporin rwhich rcan rbe ridentified rby rthe rpre-fix r-ceph ror r-cef rin rmost rof rthe rdrugs rof rthis
rgroup.
Itraconazole r(Sporonox) ris ran rantifungal ragent. rAntifungal rmedications rhave rthe rsuffix r-azole.
rDoxycycline r(Vibramycin) ris rin rthe rtetracycline rfamily rof rdrugs rrecognized rby rthe r-cycline rsuffix.
Patients rthat rhave rreceived rprednisone rchronically rneed rto rbe rtapered roff rslowly rto ravoid rwhich rof
rthe rfollowing? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Signs rof rhypoadrenocorticism
Chronic rprednisone radministration rcan rlead rto ratrophy rof rthe radrenal rgland rdue rto rthe rabsence rof
rsignaling rto rproduce rcortisol. rIf rprednisone ris rsuddenly rstopped, rthe radrenal rgland rwill rnot rbe
rcapable rof rproducing renough rcortisol, rand rthe ranimal rmay rshow rsigns rof rhypoadrenocorticism
r(Addison's rdisease).
Which rdrug ris rknown ras ran rACE-inhibitor? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Enalapril
Ace-inhibitors rlike renalapril rare rvasodilators rwhich rblock rangiotensin-converting renzyme rto rprevent
rangiotensin rII r(a rvacosconstrictor) rand raldosterone r(causes rsodium rretention) rfrom rforming. rAce-
rinhibitors rhelp rto rrelax rsmooth rmuscle rin rthe rarterioles rand rveins. rThey rare rmost rcommonly
rused rin rcases rof rheart rand rkidney rdisease.
Note rthat race-inhibitor rdrugs rusually rend rin ra r"pril" r(benazapril, rcaptopril, renalapril, retc.)
How rdo roral rflea rcontrol rproducts rsuch ras rProgram ror rSentinel rwork? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Stopping
regg rhatching
These rproducts rinterfere rwith rchitin rsynthesis. rThe rflea's r"egg rtooth", rwhich ris rmade rof rchitin, ris
rno rlonger rable rto rhelp rthe rflea rhatch rfrom rthe regg. rAnother rpossible rcorrect rchoice, rbut rnot
rprovided,
, would rbe rthat rfemales rproduce rsterile reggs. rFemale rfleas rmay rproduce r150-300 reggs rper rweek r(or
rup rto r50 reggs ra rday). rThese rproducts rdo rnot rkill radult rfleas.
A r5-year rold rLabrador rhas rdeveloped rhemorrhagic rgastroenteritis. rThe rclinician rhas rinstructed
ryou rto rstart rhim ron rMetronidazole rat ra rdose rof r10 rmg/kg rintravenously rtwice rdaily.
rMetronidazole ris ravailable rin ra r5 rmg/ml rsolution. rHow rmany rmilliliters rare rnecessary rper rdose?
rThe rdog's rbody rweight ris r80 rlbs. r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-73 rml
First, rconvert rthe rdog's rbody rweight rto rkilograms.
80 rlbs r/ r(2.2 rlbs/kg) r= r36.4 rkg
Now rdetermine rhow rmany rmilligrams rare rnecessary rper rdose.
36.4 rkg rx r(10 rmg/kg) r= r364 rmg r(notice rthe rkilograms rcancel rout)
Finally, rdetermine rhow rmany rmilliliters rare rin r364 rmg.
364 rmg r/ r(5 rmg/ml) r= r73 rml r(notice rthe rmilligrams rcancel rout)
You rshould rnot rgive ra rphenothiazine rtranquilizer rto ran ranimal rwith rwhich rdisease? r- rCORRECT
rANSWER r- rEpilepsy
Phenothiazine rtranquilizers rsuch ras racepromazine ror rchlorpromazine rare rtraditionally rthought rto rbe
rcontraindicated rin rpatients rwith rseizure rdisorders. rMore rrecent rresearch rhas rshown rthat rthey rare
rnot rnearly ras rdangerous ras roriginally rperceived rand rsome rdon't rconsider rthese rmedications ras
rbeing rcontraindicated.
What ris rthe rprimary rtoxic rprinciple rin rchocolate? r- rCORRECT rANSWER r-Theobromine
