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NR226 Exam 2 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
sodium ranges Ans: 135-145
-extracellular
potassium ranges Ans: 3.5-5.0
-intracellular
-fluids, cell-excitability
ionized calcium Ans: 4.5-5.5
bicarbonate Ans: 22-26 (arterial)
24-30 (venous)
-acid-base balance
chloride Ans: 95-105
-fluids, pH, acid-base balance
magnesium Ans: 1.5-2.5
-nerve/muscle cells; cellular reactions
phosphate Ans: 2.8-4.5
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-acid-base balance, metabolism
respiratory acidosis Ans: low pH and high CO2 (<7.35, >45)
respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH and low CO2 (>7.45, <35)
metabolic acidosis Ans: low pH and low HCO3 (<7.35, <21)
metabolic alkalosis Ans: high pH and high HCO3 (>7.35, >26)
pH values Ans: 7.35-7.45
CO2 Ans: 35-45
HCO3 Ans: 21-26
hyponatremia Ans: -GI losses: vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction
-Renal loss: kidney disease resulting in salt wasting; diuretics; adrenal
insufficiency
-Skin loss: excessive perspirations, burns
-Psychogenic polydipsia
-Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
hypernatremia Ans: -Excess salt intake: ingestion of large amounts of
concentrated salt solutions; iatrogenic administration of hyper-tonic
saline solution parenterally
-Excess aldosterone secretion
-Diabetes insipidus
-Increased sensible and insensible water loss
-Water deprivation
NR226 Exam 2 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
sodium ranges Ans: 135-145
-extracellular
potassium ranges Ans: 3.5-5.0
-intracellular
-fluids, cell-excitability
ionized calcium Ans: 4.5-5.5
bicarbonate Ans: 22-26 (arterial)
24-30 (venous)
-acid-base balance
chloride Ans: 95-105
-fluids, pH, acid-base balance
magnesium Ans: 1.5-2.5
-nerve/muscle cells; cellular reactions
phosphate Ans: 2.8-4.5
, Page | 2
-acid-base balance, metabolism
respiratory acidosis Ans: low pH and high CO2 (<7.35, >45)
respiratory alkalosis Ans: high pH and low CO2 (>7.45, <35)
metabolic acidosis Ans: low pH and low HCO3 (<7.35, <21)
metabolic alkalosis Ans: high pH and high HCO3 (>7.35, >26)
pH values Ans: 7.35-7.45
CO2 Ans: 35-45
HCO3 Ans: 21-26
hyponatremia Ans: -GI losses: vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction
-Renal loss: kidney disease resulting in salt wasting; diuretics; adrenal
insufficiency
-Skin loss: excessive perspirations, burns
-Psychogenic polydipsia
-Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
hypernatremia Ans: -Excess salt intake: ingestion of large amounts of
concentrated salt solutions; iatrogenic administration of hyper-tonic
saline solution parenterally
-Excess aldosterone secretion
-Diabetes insipidus
-Increased sensible and insensible water loss
-Water deprivation
