Fresenius RN EXAM Updated Practice Questions WITH 100%
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What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER-GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Normal kidney
function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
,Characteristics of acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sudden Onset
Severe
Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: - CORRECT ANSWER-Polycystic Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
Classic signs of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Elevated serum BUN/creatinine,
phosphorus, potassium
Anemia
Nerve damage
Yellow-gray appearance of the skin
Fluid overload
,SOA
Edema
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Classic symptoms of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Uremia
Lethargy
Weakness
Headache
Itching
Fatigue
Nausea
Restlessness
Mental Status changes
Loss of appetite
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of Red Blood Cells RBC's
What causes anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased of lacking erythropoietin production
Shortened RBC lifespan
Decreased iron absorption
Blood loss during dialysis
How is anemia treated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA's) are
administered. ESAs stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow. Examples of ESA's include
Epogen, Aranesp, and Mircera.
Signs and symptoms of anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatigue
Decreased energy levels
SOA
, Decreased sense of well-being
Hgb range for ESRD patients is 10-11
Role of iron and iron medications with Anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron bind with RBC's
Formulates Hgb
Allows RBC to transport oxygen
Examples include Venofer, Ferrlicit
RN administration is usually 50 mg IVP every other week.
Given IV due to absorption and constipation properties seen with oral preparations.
Which functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removal
of waste products
Regulation of fluid balance
What are 3 modalities of treatment for ESRD? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
Describe hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses a vascular access to draw blood from the
patient and send to the dialyzer and into the semi permeable membrane where diffusion
removes the waste products and ultrafiltration removes the fluid.
Describe Peritoneal dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER-There are 2 types: Continuous cycle
peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Both types use a permanently placed catheter in the patients highly vascularized peritoneal
cavity. The peritoneum is the membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen During
CAPD, dialysate is infused into the peritoneal space, allowed to "dwell" for a period of time
as ordered by the physician and then drained.
Through osmosis and diffusion, excess fluid and waste products are removed.
Describe Transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER-A working kidney is surgically implanted
Kidney is from a living or cadaveric donor
RATED Correct Answers/EXPERT VERIFIED JUST RELEASED
GET IT A+
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER-GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. 90 or greater
2. 60-89
3. 30-59
4. 15-29
5. less than 15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Normal kidney
function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease.
3. Moderately reduced kidney function.
4. Severely reduced kidney function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Drug toxicity
MVA
Dehydration
,Characteristics of acute renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sudden Onset
Severe
Usually reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes
Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
What are some characteristics of chronic renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Slow onset
Progressive
Permanent
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: - CORRECT ANSWER-Polycystic Kidney Disease
Interstitial Nephritis
Goodpasture Syndrome
Wilm's Tumor
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alport's Disease
Sickle Cell Disease
Drug Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
AIDS
Obstructions
Scleroderma
Classic signs of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Elevated serum BUN/creatinine,
phosphorus, potassium
Anemia
Nerve damage
Yellow-gray appearance of the skin
Fluid overload
,SOA
Edema
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Classic symptoms of renal failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Uremia
Lethargy
Weakness
Headache
Itching
Fatigue
Nausea
Restlessness
Mental Status changes
Loss of appetite
What is anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lack of Red Blood Cells RBC's
What causes anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased of lacking erythropoietin production
Shortened RBC lifespan
Decreased iron absorption
Blood loss during dialysis
How is anemia treated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA's) are
administered. ESAs stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow. Examples of ESA's include
Epogen, Aranesp, and Mircera.
Signs and symptoms of anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fatigue
Decreased energy levels
SOA
, Decreased sense of well-being
Hgb range for ESRD patients is 10-11
Role of iron and iron medications with Anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron bind with RBC's
Formulates Hgb
Allows RBC to transport oxygen
Examples include Venofer, Ferrlicit
RN administration is usually 50 mg IVP every other week.
Given IV due to absorption and constipation properties seen with oral preparations.
Which functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Removal
of waste products
Regulation of fluid balance
What are 3 modalities of treatment for ESRD? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
Transplantation
Describe hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Uses a vascular access to draw blood from the
patient and send to the dialyzer and into the semi permeable membrane where diffusion
removes the waste products and ultrafiltration removes the fluid.
Describe Peritoneal dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER-There are 2 types: Continuous cycle
peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Both types use a permanently placed catheter in the patients highly vascularized peritoneal
cavity. The peritoneum is the membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen During
CAPD, dialysate is infused into the peritoneal space, allowed to "dwell" for a period of time
as ordered by the physician and then drained.
Through osmosis and diffusion, excess fluid and waste products are removed.
Describe Transplantation - CORRECT ANSWER-A working kidney is surgically implanted
Kidney is from a living or cadaveric donor
