HCAL Exam 3 UPDATED Study ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
elimination - CORRECT ANSWER removal, clearance, or separation of matter
incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER infants and toddlers lack control over sphincters
and muscles
retention - CORRECT ANSWER causing:
-obstruction (constipation)
-inflammation (infection)
-ineffective neuromuscular activation (spinal cord injury)
result in discomfort, infection, and rupture of bladder, kidney, or intestine
trauma or disease to the brain or spinal cord can lead to - CORRECT
ANSWER interruption of bowel and bladder innervation
thus the anus and bladder can not function normally
risk factors for elimination - CORRECT ANSWER -CVA
-spinal cord injury
-diabetic neuropathy
-dementia
-AIDS
-autoimmune disease
,gastrointestional disease - CORRECT ANSWER -crohns
-IBS
-Acute infections
-chronic infections
-food allergies/intolerance
-congential defects
urinary diseases - CORRECT ANSWER -urinary calculi
-enlarged prostate
-acute infections
-chronic infections
-congenital defects
altered urinary elimination (children) - CORRECT ANSWER children less than 3 years
of age
-lack control over bowel and bladder function
-toilet training and risk of retention
-diets lacking water and fiber
altered urinary elimination (women) - CORRECT ANSWER weakness in pelvic floor
muscles from prego and hormone changes
risk for retention and UTI
altered urinary elimination (men) - CORRECT ANSWER neurologic problems-leading
to incomplete emptying of the bladder
hyperplasia of prostate gland- stopping the outflow of urine
,altered bowel elimination - CORRECT ANSWER incontinence
excessive use of laxatives
meds:
-diuretics
-narcotics
-antidepressants
-anxiolytics
caffeine can overstimulate bowels
prego can increase risk of stool retention
urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER disruption in storage or emptying of the
bladder with involuntary release of urine
dysfunction of external and/or internal urinary sphincters
stress incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER leakage of small amounts of urine during
physical movement
urge - CORRECT ANSWER leakage of large amounts of urine at unexpected times,
including sleep
overactive bladder - CORRECT ANSWER urinary freq and urgency with or without
urge incontinence
functional - CORRECT ANSWER untimely urination bc of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent person from reaching toilet
, overflow - CORRECT ANSWER unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine
because of full bladder
mixed - CORRECT ANSWER usually occurrence of stress and urge incontinence
together
transient - CORRECT ANSWER leakage that occurs temp bc of situation that will pass
(infection, colds with coughing)
bowel incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER main problem is loss of sphincter control
traumatic injury/pathologic change to rectum
neurologic injury
infections
urinary retention - CORRECT ANSWER -external sphincter does not let a full bladder
empty
-feels discomfort
-bladder pressure leads to reflux and dilation of ureters and renal pelvis
causes of urinary retention - CORRECT ANSWER -malfunction of nerves to bladder
-obstruction
-mechanical change in shape of bladder with pockets of urine
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
elimination - CORRECT ANSWER removal, clearance, or separation of matter
incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER infants and toddlers lack control over sphincters
and muscles
retention - CORRECT ANSWER causing:
-obstruction (constipation)
-inflammation (infection)
-ineffective neuromuscular activation (spinal cord injury)
result in discomfort, infection, and rupture of bladder, kidney, or intestine
trauma or disease to the brain or spinal cord can lead to - CORRECT
ANSWER interruption of bowel and bladder innervation
thus the anus and bladder can not function normally
risk factors for elimination - CORRECT ANSWER -CVA
-spinal cord injury
-diabetic neuropathy
-dementia
-AIDS
-autoimmune disease
,gastrointestional disease - CORRECT ANSWER -crohns
-IBS
-Acute infections
-chronic infections
-food allergies/intolerance
-congential defects
urinary diseases - CORRECT ANSWER -urinary calculi
-enlarged prostate
-acute infections
-chronic infections
-congenital defects
altered urinary elimination (children) - CORRECT ANSWER children less than 3 years
of age
-lack control over bowel and bladder function
-toilet training and risk of retention
-diets lacking water and fiber
altered urinary elimination (women) - CORRECT ANSWER weakness in pelvic floor
muscles from prego and hormone changes
risk for retention and UTI
altered urinary elimination (men) - CORRECT ANSWER neurologic problems-leading
to incomplete emptying of the bladder
hyperplasia of prostate gland- stopping the outflow of urine
,altered bowel elimination - CORRECT ANSWER incontinence
excessive use of laxatives
meds:
-diuretics
-narcotics
-antidepressants
-anxiolytics
caffeine can overstimulate bowels
prego can increase risk of stool retention
urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER disruption in storage or emptying of the
bladder with involuntary release of urine
dysfunction of external and/or internal urinary sphincters
stress incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER leakage of small amounts of urine during
physical movement
urge - CORRECT ANSWER leakage of large amounts of urine at unexpected times,
including sleep
overactive bladder - CORRECT ANSWER urinary freq and urgency with or without
urge incontinence
functional - CORRECT ANSWER untimely urination bc of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent person from reaching toilet
, overflow - CORRECT ANSWER unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine
because of full bladder
mixed - CORRECT ANSWER usually occurrence of stress and urge incontinence
together
transient - CORRECT ANSWER leakage that occurs temp bc of situation that will pass
(infection, colds with coughing)
bowel incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER main problem is loss of sphincter control
traumatic injury/pathologic change to rectum
neurologic injury
infections
urinary retention - CORRECT ANSWER -external sphincter does not let a full bladder
empty
-feels discomfort
-bladder pressure leads to reflux and dilation of ureters and renal pelvis
causes of urinary retention - CORRECT ANSWER -malfunction of nerves to bladder
-obstruction
-mechanical change in shape of bladder with pockets of urine
