,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PR
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ACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localize
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d:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. qy
D) coolness.
3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement o
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
f leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in g
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
reat numbers?
qy
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the i
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nitial step in the process?
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A) Engulfment
,B) Intracellular killing qy
C) Antigen margination qy
D) Recognition and adherence qy qy
5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capi
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llary permeability and pain?
qy qy qy
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide qy
6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of
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the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-qy
phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of infla
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mmation and includes: qy qy
A) fever and lethargy.
qy qy
B) decreased C-reactive protein. qy qy
C) positive nitrogen balance.qy qy
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
qy qy qy
8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterize
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d by which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
qy qy
, B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis qy qy qy
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages qy qy qy
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- qy qy
1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogen
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ous pyrogens that:
qy qy
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. qy qy qy
C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.qy qy
10
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempte
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d
.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflamm
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following event
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces qy qy qy qy qy
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium qy qy qy qy qy
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris qy qy qy
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
. experiencing chronic inflammation? qy qy
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
.
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ACTICE
1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy q
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localize
y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. qy
D) coolness.
3.
The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement o
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
f leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in g
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
reat numbers?
qy
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
4.
The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the i
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
nitial step in the process?
qy qy qy qy
A) Engulfment
,B) Intracellular killing qy
C) Antigen margination qy
D) Recognition and adherence qy qy
5.
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capi
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
llary permeability and pain?
qy qy qy
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide qy
6.
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy q
the following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
y qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The acute-qy
phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset of infla
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
mmation and includes: qy qy
A) fever and lethargy.
qy qy
B) decreased C-reactive protein. qy qy
C) positive nitrogen balance.qy qy
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
qy qy qy
8.
In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterize
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d by which of the following phenomena?
qy qy qy qy qy qy
A) Profuse fibrinous exudation
qy qy
, B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
qy qy qy qy qy qy
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis qy qy qy
D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages qy qy qy
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin- qy qy
1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood lead to the release of endogen
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ous pyrogens that:
qy qy
A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
qy qy qy qy qy
B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. qy qy qy
C) block viral replication in cells.
qy qy qy qy
D) inhibit prostaglandin release.qy qy
10
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempte
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
d
.
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflamm
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
ation in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following event
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
s will occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces qy qy qy qy qy
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium qy qy qy qy qy
D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris qy qy qy
11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
. experiencing chronic inflammation? qy qy
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy qy
.
