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Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence – D265 Final Review 2025 | 100+ Solved Questions | Argument Analysis, Logic, Biases

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This detailed and structured final review guide for D265 – Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence (2025 edition) contains over 100 solved multiple-choice and scenario-based questions with verified answers. It is crafted to prepare students for final assessments by reinforcing analytical reasoning, evaluation of arguments, fallacy identification, and evidence-based decision-making. The document covers key topics such as: Types of arguments (inductive, deductive) Logical validity and soundness Identifying assumptions, biases, and fallacies Evaluating sources and the quality of evidence Applying reasoning frameworks to real-world scenarios Argument reconstruction and critical assessment techniques Designed with clarity and academic depth, the content supports learners in sharpening their critical reasoning skills and mastering the logic-based decision-making process necessary for academic and professional success. This guide is ideal for: Undergraduate students in philosophy, psychology, communication, or education Adult learners in online or competency-based degree programs Students preparing for exams requiring argument analysis or critical reflection Anyone aiming to improve logical thinking and evidence evaluation in academic writing or real-life reasoning Its Q&A format ensures quick review and deep comprehension, offering both conceptual clarity and practical application across disciplines. Keywords: critical thinking, D265, logical reasoning, argument evaluation, evidence analysis, informal fallacies, bias detection, deductive logic, inductive reasoning, cognitive bias, argument structure, final exam prep, reasoning frameworks

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Uploaded on
October 5, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
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Critical Thinking Reason and Evidence
D265 2025/2026 Exam Questions with
100% Correct Answers | Latest Update



Which sentence is a non-proposition?




- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out a

window.

- The earth is the third planet from the sun.

- Where are the keys to my car?

- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Where are the keys to my car?


Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is

the president right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.

,In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?




- Where is the president right now?

- Did the company really close that deal?

- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.


- It has had a great year. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔It has had a great year.


Propositions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Statements that can be true or false.


Non-propositions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sentences that are not statements

about matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true

or false.

Which sentence expresses a complex proposition?




- Birthday parties can be really fun.

- The cat ate the food, but did not like it.

- Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in the

United States.

,- Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔The cat ate the food, but did not like it.


If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a new

one or will not be able to keep up productivity.

Which of the following breaks down the complex proposition above into the

simple propositions?




- If the computer is not fixed, then the company needs to buy a new one.

The company will not be able to keep up productivity.

- The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer.

The company will not be able to keep up productivity.

- The computer is not fixed. The company either needs to buy a new one or

will not be able to keep up productivity.


- The company does not have enough computers. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The

computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. The

company will not be able to keep up productivity.


Simple propositions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Simple propositions have no internal

logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false does not depend

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, on whether part of them is true or false. They are simply true or false on

their own.


Complex propositions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Complex propositions have internal

logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple propositions.

Whether they are true or false depends on whether their parts are true or

false.

If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time.

How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?

Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but it was in the job description. We

should remind the new employee how important this is.

Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?




- The new employee wants to succeed.

- How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?

- The employees look out for each other.

- If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on

time. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The new employee wants to succeed.

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