1
NBME CBSE | latest |COMPLETE
FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GREADED A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Type II pneumocytes - (ANSWER)surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - (ANSWER)Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - (ANSWER)Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - (ANSWER)Amniocentesis of Phospholipids
(*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
,2
Type I pneumocytes - (ANSWER)Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - (ANSWER)macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - (ANSWER)Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - (ANSWER)Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - (ANSWER)Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - (ANSWER)LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - (ANSWER)emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - (ANSWER)DECREASE
ERV & FRC
,3
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - (ANSWER)pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - (ANSWER)Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - (ANSWER)BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - (ANSWER)basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - (ANSWER)low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - (ANSWER)*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - (ANSWER)carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
, 4
Cyanide poisoning causes - (ANSWER)lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - (ANSWER)*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - (ANSWER)5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - (ANSWER)*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - (ANSWER)ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - (ANSWER)PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - (ANSWER)BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
NBME CBSE | latest |COMPLETE
FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GREADED A+ |GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Type II pneumocytes - (ANSWER)surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - (ANSWER)Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - (ANSWER)Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - (ANSWER)Amniocentesis of Phospholipids
(*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
,2
Type I pneumocytes - (ANSWER)Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - (ANSWER)macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - (ANSWER)Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - (ANSWER)Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - (ANSWER)Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - (ANSWER)LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - (ANSWER)emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - (ANSWER)DECREASE
ERV & FRC
,3
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - (ANSWER)pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - (ANSWER)Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - (ANSWER)BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - (ANSWER)basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - (ANSWER)low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - (ANSWER)*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - (ANSWER)carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
, 4
Cyanide poisoning causes - (ANSWER)lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - (ANSWER)*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - (ANSWER)5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - (ANSWER)*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - (ANSWER)ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - (ANSWER)PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - (ANSWER)BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
