ILTS 305 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics - Answer- two objects in thermodynamic equilibrium
with a a third object are also in equilibrium with each other (same temp)
First law of thermodynamics - Answer- conservation of energy; neither mass nor energy
can be destroyed; only converted from one another
Second law of thermodynamics - Answer- entropy of an isolated system can only
increase; heat is not transferred from a lower-temp to a higher temp unless additional
work is done
Third law of thermodynamics - Answer- as temperature approaches absolute zero,
entropy approaches a constant minimum; system cannot be cooled to absolute zero
Heat - Answer- energy transfer from one body or system to another due to thermal
contact
Temperature - Answer- measurement of object's stored heat energy
Mass - Answer- amount of substance in an object
Weight - Answer- measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object
Newton's first law - Answer- An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays
in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force; inertia
Newton's second law - Answer- object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net
force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass; F=ma
Doppler effect - Answer- effect of relative motion of the source of the wave and the
location of the observer has on waves; pitch of sound is different not because emitted
frequency changes but because of received frequency changes
Reflection - Answer- rebound of light wave from a surface back toward the medium from
where it came
, Refraction - Answer- change in the direction of light wave when it passes through a
transparent medium with a different optical density from the one in which the wave had
been traveling
-light bends
Neutrons - Answer- uncharged particles contained within the nucleus
Nucleon - Answer- refers collectively to both neutrons and protons
hydrogen bond - Answer- weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
(i.e. N, O, F)
Ionic bond - Answer- Formed when one or more electrons are TRANSFERRED from
one atom to another
covalent bond - Answer- A chemical bond formed when two atoms SHARE electrons
Solution - Answer- homogenous mixture
pH (potential of hydrogen) - Answer- measurement of hydrogen ions
lower pH means ______ H+ concentration - Answer- higher; acidic
higher pH means _____ H+ concentration - Answer- lower; basic
Properties of water (7) - Answer- -high polarity
-hydrogen bonding
-cohesiveness
-adhesivenesss
-high specific heat
-high latent heat
-high heat of vaporization
Organic compounds requirements (2) - Answer- -contain carbon
-formed by covalent bonds
-not highly soluble in water
-low melting point
-high flammability
Stroma - Answer- area inside chloroplast where reactions occur and starches are
created
Hershey and chase - Answer- experiment showed that DNA not protein is responsible
for transferring genetic material
Countries who first tried to colonize America - Answer- Spain and France
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics - Answer- two objects in thermodynamic equilibrium
with a a third object are also in equilibrium with each other (same temp)
First law of thermodynamics - Answer- conservation of energy; neither mass nor energy
can be destroyed; only converted from one another
Second law of thermodynamics - Answer- entropy of an isolated system can only
increase; heat is not transferred from a lower-temp to a higher temp unless additional
work is done
Third law of thermodynamics - Answer- as temperature approaches absolute zero,
entropy approaches a constant minimum; system cannot be cooled to absolute zero
Heat - Answer- energy transfer from one body or system to another due to thermal
contact
Temperature - Answer- measurement of object's stored heat energy
Mass - Answer- amount of substance in an object
Weight - Answer- measure of gravitational pull of Earth on an object
Newton's first law - Answer- An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays
in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force; inertia
Newton's second law - Answer- object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net
force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass; F=ma
Doppler effect - Answer- effect of relative motion of the source of the wave and the
location of the observer has on waves; pitch of sound is different not because emitted
frequency changes but because of received frequency changes
Reflection - Answer- rebound of light wave from a surface back toward the medium from
where it came
, Refraction - Answer- change in the direction of light wave when it passes through a
transparent medium with a different optical density from the one in which the wave had
been traveling
-light bends
Neutrons - Answer- uncharged particles contained within the nucleus
Nucleon - Answer- refers collectively to both neutrons and protons
hydrogen bond - Answer- weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
(i.e. N, O, F)
Ionic bond - Answer- Formed when one or more electrons are TRANSFERRED from
one atom to another
covalent bond - Answer- A chemical bond formed when two atoms SHARE electrons
Solution - Answer- homogenous mixture
pH (potential of hydrogen) - Answer- measurement of hydrogen ions
lower pH means ______ H+ concentration - Answer- higher; acidic
higher pH means _____ H+ concentration - Answer- lower; basic
Properties of water (7) - Answer- -high polarity
-hydrogen bonding
-cohesiveness
-adhesivenesss
-high specific heat
-high latent heat
-high heat of vaporization
Organic compounds requirements (2) - Answer- -contain carbon
-formed by covalent bonds
-not highly soluble in water
-low melting point
-high flammability
Stroma - Answer- area inside chloroplast where reactions occur and starches are
created
Hershey and chase - Answer- experiment showed that DNA not protein is responsible
for transferring genetic material
Countries who first tried to colonize America - Answer- Spain and France
