PBSI 340 EXAM 1
Which of the following was a challenge to the S-R and cognitive
views:
a. can be studied in the infrahuman species
b. in some situations, animals do not appear flexible
c. it rejected the method of introspection
d. they cannot be strengthened or weakened
b. in some situations, animals do not appear flexible
-cognitive interpretations also challenged the views
A respondent behavior, also called ________ , is defined as an
action or words that can cause a reaction or response
Elicited
An operant behavior also called __________ is defined as
something that has no triggering stimulus and is not reflexive.
Emitted
The following were consequences of which researcher's study:
1. If R's are emitted (no S), cannot rely on laws of the reflex
2. avoids theoretical speculation
3. we can only understand a behavior when we can predict, train,
or control it
B.F. Skinner
When responses are emitted without a stimulus, one can no longer
rely on the law of reflex. What was proposed to fix this flaw?
Researchers needed a different measure of response strength. "Rate of
Responding"
What is the definition of "rate of responding"?
,How many responses an animal emits over time
What does theoretical speculation seek:
a functional or radical analysis of behavior
To measure the rate of response, you use a _____________ record.
cumulative
When using a cumulative record, the steeper the slope, the
________ the response.
Faster
What are the schedules of reinforcement?
1. Continuous reinforcement (CR)
2. Fixed ratio (FR)
3. Fixed interval (FI)
4. Variable ratio (VR)
5. Variable interval (VI)
What is the fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given after a specific number of responses.
What is the variable ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given after a random number of responses.
What is the fixed interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given at a specific time increment.
What is the variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given at a random time increment.
a connection between the representations of two events (two
stimuli or a stimulus and a response) such that the occurrence of
one of the events activates the representation of the other.
Association
, the view of behavior according to which actions can be separated
into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind
and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms
dualism
a philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from
experience
empiricism
a temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive
use of the muscles involved in the behavior
fatigue
the philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the
actions of organisms are determined by the pursuit of pleasure
and the avoidance of pain
hedonism
an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving
specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior
experience with similar stimuli and responses
learning
a change in behavior caused by physical or physiological
development of the organism in the absence of experience with
particular environmental events
maturation
a philosophy according to which human beings are born with
innate ideas
nativism
the philosophical position adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral
and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system
Which of the following was a challenge to the S-R and cognitive
views:
a. can be studied in the infrahuman species
b. in some situations, animals do not appear flexible
c. it rejected the method of introspection
d. they cannot be strengthened or weakened
b. in some situations, animals do not appear flexible
-cognitive interpretations also challenged the views
A respondent behavior, also called ________ , is defined as an
action or words that can cause a reaction or response
Elicited
An operant behavior also called __________ is defined as
something that has no triggering stimulus and is not reflexive.
Emitted
The following were consequences of which researcher's study:
1. If R's are emitted (no S), cannot rely on laws of the reflex
2. avoids theoretical speculation
3. we can only understand a behavior when we can predict, train,
or control it
B.F. Skinner
When responses are emitted without a stimulus, one can no longer
rely on the law of reflex. What was proposed to fix this flaw?
Researchers needed a different measure of response strength. "Rate of
Responding"
What is the definition of "rate of responding"?
,How many responses an animal emits over time
What does theoretical speculation seek:
a functional or radical analysis of behavior
To measure the rate of response, you use a _____________ record.
cumulative
When using a cumulative record, the steeper the slope, the
________ the response.
Faster
What are the schedules of reinforcement?
1. Continuous reinforcement (CR)
2. Fixed ratio (FR)
3. Fixed interval (FI)
4. Variable ratio (VR)
5. Variable interval (VI)
What is the fixed ratio (FR) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given after a specific number of responses.
What is the variable ratio (VR) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given after a random number of responses.
What is the fixed interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given at a specific time increment.
What is the variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement?
Stimulus is given at a random time increment.
a connection between the representations of two events (two
stimuli or a stimulus and a response) such that the occurrence of
one of the events activates the representation of the other.
Association
, the view of behavior according to which actions can be separated
into two categories: voluntary behavior controlled by the mind
and involuntary behavior controlled by reflex mechanisms
dualism
a philosophy according to which all ideas in the mind arise from
experience
empiricism
a temporary decrease in behavior caused by repeated or excessive
use of the muscles involved in the behavior
fatigue
the philosophy proposed by Hobbes according to which the
actions of organisms are determined by the pursuit of pleasure
and the avoidance of pain
hedonism
an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior involving
specific stimuli and/or responses that results from prior
experience with similar stimuli and responses
learning
a change in behavior caused by physical or physiological
development of the organism in the absence of experience with
particular environmental events
maturation
a philosophy according to which human beings are born with
innate ideas
nativism
the philosophical position adopted by Pavlov that all behavioral
and physiological processes are regulated by the nervous system
