PSY 244- Exam 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Language Development: Symbols - ANSWER--Symbols are systems for
representing thoughts, feelings and knowledge, and then communication them to
others
-Symbol use is the creative and flexible capacity that most sets humans apart from
other species
Language Development: Comprehension and production - ANSWER--Children
master basic structure of their native language whether spoken or manually signed
by age 5
-Language requires comprehension and production
-Comprehension precedes production
The components of language - ANSWER--All human languages share similarities
-Sounds are combined to form words
-Words are combined to form sentences
-Sentences are formed to compose stories, conversations and other narratives
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,-Generativity
-Morphemes and words in any language are finite, but we can combine them in
infinite ways to express infinite ideas
Phonological development - ANSWER-Acquisition of knowledge about
phonemes, the elementary units of sound that distinguish meaning
Semantic development - ANSWER-Learning the system for expressing meaning in
a language, beginning with morphemes, the smallest unit of meaning in a language
Syntactic development - ANSWER--learning the syntax or rules for combining
words
Pragmatic development - ANSWER-Acquiring knowledge of how language is
used, which includes understanding a variety of conversational conventions
Metalinguistic Knowledge - ANSWER--Adults, unlike young children, also have
some understanding of the properties and functions of language (metalinguistic
knowledge)
-An example of metalinguistic knowledge is knowing that only certain word
combinations are acceptable as sentences
What is required for language? - ANSWER--Full-fledged is achieved only by
humans, but only if they have experience with other humans using language for
communications
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,-Language is a species-specific behavior
-Only humans acquire a communication system with the complexity, structure, and
generativity of language
-Language is also species-universal: Virtually all humans develop language
Brain-Language Relations - ANSWER--Language processing involves a substantial
degree of functional localization in the brain
-Left hemisphere; increased hemispheric specialization for language
-Studies of individuals with brain damage resulting in aphasia provide evidence of
specialization for language within the left hemisphere
-Damage to Broca's area and to Wernicke's area
Critical period for language development - ANSWER--Children must also be
exposed to other people using sign or spoken language
-Sometimes between age 5 and puberty, language acquisition becomes much more
difficult and ultimately less successful
Test of critical-period hypothesis - ANSWER--Performance on a test of English
grammar by adults from Korea and Chine was directly related to the age at which
they came to the united States and were first exposed to English
Bilingual Children - ANSWER--More than half of the world's children are exposed
to more than one language
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, -Children who are acquiring two languages do not seem to confuse them
-Bilingual children perform better on a variety of cognitive texts than do
monolingual children
Infant Directed Speech - ANSWER--Distinctive mode of speech we adopt when
talking to babies and very young children
-Common throughout the world, but not universal
-Includes warm and affectionate tone, high pitch, extreme intonation, and slower
speech accompanied by exaggerated facial expressions
-Preferred by infants
-Around the world, parents talk directly to their babies, whereas parents in other
cultures do not
-Almost everywhere, adults and older children use some sort of "baby talk" to
address infants
Prosody - ANSWER--The characteristic rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody,
intonational patterns with which a language is spoken
-Accounts for much variation in sounds of language within and between cultures
Categorical Perception of speech sounds - ANSWER--Possessed by adults and
infants
-Involves perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories
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Answers 100% Pass
Language Development: Symbols - ANSWER--Symbols are systems for
representing thoughts, feelings and knowledge, and then communication them to
others
-Symbol use is the creative and flexible capacity that most sets humans apart from
other species
Language Development: Comprehension and production - ANSWER--Children
master basic structure of their native language whether spoken or manually signed
by age 5
-Language requires comprehension and production
-Comprehension precedes production
The components of language - ANSWER--All human languages share similarities
-Sounds are combined to form words
-Words are combined to form sentences
-Sentences are formed to compose stories, conversations and other narratives
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 1
,-Generativity
-Morphemes and words in any language are finite, but we can combine them in
infinite ways to express infinite ideas
Phonological development - ANSWER-Acquisition of knowledge about
phonemes, the elementary units of sound that distinguish meaning
Semantic development - ANSWER-Learning the system for expressing meaning in
a language, beginning with morphemes, the smallest unit of meaning in a language
Syntactic development - ANSWER--learning the syntax or rules for combining
words
Pragmatic development - ANSWER-Acquiring knowledge of how language is
used, which includes understanding a variety of conversational conventions
Metalinguistic Knowledge - ANSWER--Adults, unlike young children, also have
some understanding of the properties and functions of language (metalinguistic
knowledge)
-An example of metalinguistic knowledge is knowing that only certain word
combinations are acceptable as sentences
What is required for language? - ANSWER--Full-fledged is achieved only by
humans, but only if they have experience with other humans using language for
communications
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 2
,-Language is a species-specific behavior
-Only humans acquire a communication system with the complexity, structure, and
generativity of language
-Language is also species-universal: Virtually all humans develop language
Brain-Language Relations - ANSWER--Language processing involves a substantial
degree of functional localization in the brain
-Left hemisphere; increased hemispheric specialization for language
-Studies of individuals with brain damage resulting in aphasia provide evidence of
specialization for language within the left hemisphere
-Damage to Broca's area and to Wernicke's area
Critical period for language development - ANSWER--Children must also be
exposed to other people using sign or spoken language
-Sometimes between age 5 and puberty, language acquisition becomes much more
difficult and ultimately less successful
Test of critical-period hypothesis - ANSWER--Performance on a test of English
grammar by adults from Korea and Chine was directly related to the age at which
they came to the united States and were first exposed to English
Bilingual Children - ANSWER--More than half of the world's children are exposed
to more than one language
COPYRIGHT 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, TRUSTED AND VERIFIED 3
, -Children who are acquiring two languages do not seem to confuse them
-Bilingual children perform better on a variety of cognitive texts than do
monolingual children
Infant Directed Speech - ANSWER--Distinctive mode of speech we adopt when
talking to babies and very young children
-Common throughout the world, but not universal
-Includes warm and affectionate tone, high pitch, extreme intonation, and slower
speech accompanied by exaggerated facial expressions
-Preferred by infants
-Around the world, parents talk directly to their babies, whereas parents in other
cultures do not
-Almost everywhere, adults and older children use some sort of "baby talk" to
address infants
Prosody - ANSWER--The characteristic rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody,
intonational patterns with which a language is spoken
-Accounts for much variation in sounds of language within and between cultures
Categorical Perception of speech sounds - ANSWER--Possessed by adults and
infants
-Involves perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories
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