, Hillegass: nEssentials nof nCardiopulmonary nPhysical nTherapy, n3rd nEdition
Chapter n1: nAnatomy nof nthe nCardiovascular nand nPulmonary nSystems
n Test nBank
MULTIPLE nCHOICE
1. Which nof nthe nfollowing nchest nwall nstructures nis nlocated nlevel nwith nthe nsecond ncostal
ncartilage nanteriorly nand nthoracic nvertebra nT4 nand nT5 nposteriorly?
A. Sternal nangle
B. Jugular nnotch
C. Xiphoid nprocess
D. Third ncostal ncartilage
ANS: n n A
The nsternal nangle nof nthe n“angle nof nLouis” nis nlevel nwith nthe nsecond ncostal ncartilage nanteriorly
nand nthoracic nvertebrae nT4 nand nT5 nposteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus nexcuvatum nis nBEST ndescribed nas:
A. Deformity nof nthe nsternum ncaused nby ntrauma
B. Caved-in nappearance nof nthe nchest
C. Diminished nrib nangle nanteriorly
D. Conical nshape nof nthe nthoracic ncage
ANS: n n B
Pectus nexcuvatum nis na ncommon ncongenital ndeformity nof nthe nanterior nwall nof nthe nchest, nin
nwhich nseveral nribs nand nthe nsternum ngrow nabnormally; nit nproduces na ncaved-in nor nsunken
nappearance nof nthe nchest.
PTS: 1
3. The ntrue nribs nare nBEST ndefined nby nwhich nof nthe nfollowing nstatements?
A. Vertebrochondral nribs
B. Vertebrosternal nribs
C. Ribs n11 nand n12
D. Ribs n8, n9, nand n10
ANS: n n B
The nfirst nseven nribs nattach nvia ntheir ncostal ncartilages nto nthe nsternum nand nare ncalled nthe ntrue
nribs n(also nknown nas nthe nvertebrosternal nribs).
PTS: 1
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
, Test nBank 1-2
4. Which nof nthe nfollowing ninterventions nis nMOST nappropriate nfor na npatient nwith nlower nrib
nfractures?
A. Short, nshallow nbreaths
B. Pursed nlip nbreathing
C. Deep nbreaths nwith nsplinting
D. Breathing nwith narms nraised
ANS: n n C
It nis nimportant nfor nall ntherapists nto nrecommend nbreathing n(deep nbreathing), nsplinting n(i.e.,
npillow), nand ncoughing nstrategies nfor npatients nwith nrib nfractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which nof nthe nfollowing npositions nfacilitates ngreater nexcursion nof nboth nhemidiaphragms nat nrest?
A. Supine nposition
B. Sidelying nposition
C. Standing nposition
D. Sitting nposition
ANS: n n A
In nthe nsupine nposition, nwithout nthe neffects nof ngravity, nthe nlevel nof nthe ndiaphragm nin nthe
nthoracic ncavity nrises. nThis nallows nfor na nrelatively ngreater nexcursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which nof nthe nfollowing nmuscles nhelp nto nachieve nthe nactive nprocess nof ninspiration nat nrest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal nmuscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: n n B
The ndiaphragm nand ninternal nintercostals n(intercartilaginous nportion) nare nthe nessential nmuscles nto
nachieve nthe nactive nprocess nof ninspiration nat nrest. nAbdominal nmuscles nassist nwith nexpiration.
nThe nsternocleidomastoid nand ntrapezius nare naccessory nmuscles nand nassist nwith na nmore nforceful
ninspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which nof nthe nfollowing naccessory nmuscles nof nventilation nfunction nto nelevate nand nfix nthe nfirst
nand nsecond nribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid nmuscle
B. Serratus nanterior
C. Latissimus ndorsi
D. Scalene nmuscle
ANS:
n n D
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
, Test nBank 1-3
The nscalene nmuscles nlie ndeep nto nthe nsternocleidomastoid, nbut nmay nbe npalpated nin nthe nposterior
ntriangle nof nthe nneck. nThese nmuscles nfunction nas na nunit nto nelevate nand nfix nthe nfirst nand nsecond
nribs. nThe nsternocleidomastoid nmuscle nelevates nthe nsternum.
PTS: 1
8. When nthe narms nand nshoulders nare nfixed, nby nleaning non nthe nelbows nor ngrasping nonto na ntable,
nthis nmuscle ncan nuse nits ninsertion nas nits norigin nand nfacilitate nan nincrease nin nthe nA-P
ndiameter nof nthe nthorax.
A. Upper ntrapezius
B. Pectoralis nmajor
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus nanterior
ANS: n n B
When nthe ninsertion nand norigin nof nthe npectoralis nmuscle nare nreversed nby nleaning non na ntable
nto nfix nthe narms, nthe nmuscle nwill npull non nthe nanterior nchest nwall, nlifting nthe nribs nand nsternum
nto nincrease nthe nA-P ndiameter nof nthe nthoracic ncage.
PTS: 1
9. The nserous nfluid nwithin nthe npleural nspace nserves nto nprovide nwhich nof nthe nfollowing nfunctions?
A. Create na nconstant nnegative npressure
B. Assist nwith nvenous nreturn nof nblood nto nthe nheart
C. Reduce nfriction nbetween nthe nlungs nand nthoracic nwall
D. Serve nto nallow nseparation nof nthe npleural nlayers
ANS: n n C
The nserous nfluid nwithin nthe npleural nspace nserves nto nhold nthe npleural nlayers ntogether nduring
nventilation nand nreduce nfriction nbetween nthe nlungs nand nthe nthoracic nwall. nThe nspace ncreates nthe
nnegative npressure nto nmaintain nlung ninflation, nnot nthe nfluid nitself.
PTS: 1
10. Irritation nof nthe nphrenic nsupplied npleura nresults nin nwhich nof nthe nfollowing npain nreferral
npatterns?
A. Thoracic nwall
B. Abdominal nwall
C. Mediasternal nregion
D. Lower nneck nand nshoulder
ANS: n n D
Irritation nof nthe nphrenic nsupplied npleura ncan nresult nin nreferred npain nin nthe nlower nneck nand
nshoulder, nwhereas, nirritation nof nthe nintercostally ninnervated npleura nmay nresult nin nreferral nof
npain nto nthe nthoracic nor nabdominal nwall.
PTS: 1
11. An nabnormal npleural nfriction nrub non nauscultation nBEST nindicates nwhich nof nthe nfollowing?
A. Infection nwith na nresultant ninflammatory nresponse nwithin nthe npleura
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
Chapter n1: nAnatomy nof nthe nCardiovascular nand nPulmonary nSystems
n Test nBank
MULTIPLE nCHOICE
1. Which nof nthe nfollowing nchest nwall nstructures nis nlocated nlevel nwith nthe nsecond ncostal
ncartilage nanteriorly nand nthoracic nvertebra nT4 nand nT5 nposteriorly?
A. Sternal nangle
B. Jugular nnotch
C. Xiphoid nprocess
D. Third ncostal ncartilage
ANS: n n A
The nsternal nangle nof nthe n“angle nof nLouis” nis nlevel nwith nthe nsecond ncostal ncartilage nanteriorly
nand nthoracic nvertebrae nT4 nand nT5 nposteriorly.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus nexcuvatum nis nBEST ndescribed nas:
A. Deformity nof nthe nsternum ncaused nby ntrauma
B. Caved-in nappearance nof nthe nchest
C. Diminished nrib nangle nanteriorly
D. Conical nshape nof nthe nthoracic ncage
ANS: n n B
Pectus nexcuvatum nis na ncommon ncongenital ndeformity nof nthe nanterior nwall nof nthe nchest, nin
nwhich nseveral nribs nand nthe nsternum ngrow nabnormally; nit nproduces na ncaved-in nor nsunken
nappearance nof nthe nchest.
PTS: 1
3. The ntrue nribs nare nBEST ndefined nby nwhich nof nthe nfollowing nstatements?
A. Vertebrochondral nribs
B. Vertebrosternal nribs
C. Ribs n11 nand n12
D. Ribs n8, n9, nand n10
ANS: n n B
The nfirst nseven nribs nattach nvia ntheir ncostal ncartilages nto nthe nsternum nand nare ncalled nthe ntrue
nribs n(also nknown nas nthe nvertebrosternal nribs).
PTS: 1
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
, Test nBank 1-2
4. Which nof nthe nfollowing ninterventions nis nMOST nappropriate nfor na npatient nwith nlower nrib
nfractures?
A. Short, nshallow nbreaths
B. Pursed nlip nbreathing
C. Deep nbreaths nwith nsplinting
D. Breathing nwith narms nraised
ANS: n n C
It nis nimportant nfor nall ntherapists nto nrecommend nbreathing n(deep nbreathing), nsplinting n(i.e.,
npillow), nand ncoughing nstrategies nfor npatients nwith nrib nfractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which nof nthe nfollowing npositions nfacilitates ngreater nexcursion nof nboth nhemidiaphragms nat nrest?
A. Supine nposition
B. Sidelying nposition
C. Standing nposition
D. Sitting nposition
ANS: n n A
In nthe nsupine nposition, nwithout nthe neffects nof ngravity, nthe nlevel nof nthe ndiaphragm nin nthe
nthoracic ncavity nrises. nThis nallows nfor na nrelatively ngreater nexcursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which nof nthe nfollowing nmuscles nhelp nto nachieve nthe nactive nprocess nof ninspiration nat nrest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal nmuscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: n n B
The ndiaphragm nand ninternal nintercostals n(intercartilaginous nportion) nare nthe nessential nmuscles nto
nachieve nthe nactive nprocess nof ninspiration nat nrest. nAbdominal nmuscles nassist nwith nexpiration.
nThe nsternocleidomastoid nand ntrapezius nare naccessory nmuscles nand nassist nwith na nmore nforceful
ninspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which nof nthe nfollowing naccessory nmuscles nof nventilation nfunction nto nelevate nand nfix nthe nfirst
nand nsecond nribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid nmuscle
B. Serratus nanterior
C. Latissimus ndorsi
D. Scalene nmuscle
ANS:
n n D
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
, Test nBank 1-3
The nscalene nmuscles nlie ndeep nto nthe nsternocleidomastoid, nbut nmay nbe npalpated nin nthe nposterior
ntriangle nof nthe nneck. nThese nmuscles nfunction nas na nunit nto nelevate nand nfix nthe nfirst nand nsecond
nribs. nThe nsternocleidomastoid nmuscle nelevates nthe nsternum.
PTS: 1
8. When nthe narms nand nshoulders nare nfixed, nby nleaning non nthe nelbows nor ngrasping nonto na ntable,
nthis nmuscle ncan nuse nits ninsertion nas nits norigin nand nfacilitate nan nincrease nin nthe nA-P
ndiameter nof nthe nthorax.
A. Upper ntrapezius
B. Pectoralis nmajor
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratus nanterior
ANS: n n B
When nthe ninsertion nand norigin nof nthe npectoralis nmuscle nare nreversed nby nleaning non na ntable
nto nfix nthe narms, nthe nmuscle nwill npull non nthe nanterior nchest nwall, nlifting nthe nribs nand nsternum
nto nincrease nthe nA-P ndiameter nof nthe nthoracic ncage.
PTS: 1
9. The nserous nfluid nwithin nthe npleural nspace nserves nto nprovide nwhich nof nthe nfollowing nfunctions?
A. Create na nconstant nnegative npressure
B. Assist nwith nvenous nreturn nof nblood nto nthe nheart
C. Reduce nfriction nbetween nthe nlungs nand nthoracic nwall
D. Serve nto nallow nseparation nof nthe npleural nlayers
ANS: n n C
The nserous nfluid nwithin nthe npleural nspace nserves nto nhold nthe npleural nlayers ntogether nduring
nventilation nand nreduce nfriction nbetween nthe nlungs nand nthe nthoracic nwall. nThe nspace ncreates nthe
nnegative npressure nto nmaintain nlung ninflation, nnot nthe nfluid nitself.
PTS: 1
10. Irritation nof nthe nphrenic nsupplied npleura nresults nin nwhich nof nthe nfollowing npain nreferral
npatterns?
A. Thoracic nwall
B. Abdominal nwall
C. Mediasternal nregion
D. Lower nneck nand nshoulder
ANS: n n D
Irritation nof nthe nphrenic nsupplied npleura ncan nresult nin nreferred npain nin nthe nlower nneck nand
nshoulder, nwhereas, nirritation nof nthe nintercostally ninnervated npleura nmay nresult nin nreferral nof
npain nto nthe nthoracic nor nabdominal nwall.
PTS: 1
11. An nabnormal npleural nfriction nrub non nauscultation nBEST nindicates nwhich nof nthe nfollowing?
A. Infection nwith na nresultant ninflammatory nresponse nwithin nthe npleura
Copyright n©2011, n2001, n1994 nby nSaunders, nan nimprint nof nElsevier
nInc.
