PHIL 101 - Final Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
a priori - CORRECT ANSWER prior to experience. often used to describe a
proposition, argument, or value that we can be certain is true without empirical verification,
something derived from pure reason
Albert Camus - CORRECT ANSWER A French existentialist known for essays and
novels. He dealt with what he felt was the absurd situation of human beings in which the
world is essentially irrational, yet we still need to find meaning within it.
Aristippus - CORRECT ANSWER ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates.
believed happiness consists in pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of
hedonism
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER (384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato,
that philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the world.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato,
taught Alexander the Great, emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes", said
virtue was the middle ground between extremes, men should seek to use their intellect
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain
many aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain
many aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of
Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences,
politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system,
which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows
,empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational
inquiry.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of
ideal forms
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Who put forms into physical objects?
Baron D'Holbach - CORRECT ANSWER 1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued
humans were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces
(determinism); his staunch atheism, determinism, and attacks on Christianity undermined the
Enlightenment
categorical imperative - CORRECT ANSWER a maxim that commands moral
obligation independent of experience or consequences. it is derived from pure reason and
always carries overriding value.
Cogito ergo sum - CORRECT ANSWER I think therefore I am. Descarte
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER Human actions are free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER The thesis that free will and Determinism is
compatible. Soft Determinism is a version of compatibalism. Hard determinism and
Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories. (if you decide based on internal constraints with
no outside influence then you have free will. If your decision is constrained by outside forces
then your decisions are determined.)
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that all events, including human
actions, are caused. However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
, Cultural relativism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that cultural norms determine
what is ethically right and wrong
D'Holbach - CORRECT ANSWER Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans
were machines governed by outside forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality
of the soul were myths. Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views - CORRECT ANSWER Determinist believed in no "free will"
everything has a cause. River analogy
Daniel C Dennett - CORRECT ANSWER (b. 1942-)the research of this American
Philosopher centers on the philosophy of mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary
biology and cognitive science (materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive - CORRECT ANSWER What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology - CORRECT ANSWER the ethical view that moral value is determined by
fulfilling one's duty
Descartes concept of the soul - CORRECT ANSWER An eternal "thinking thing" that
is attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind body dualism)
Descriptive ethics - CORRECT ANSWER An ethical approach that simply represents
ethical beliefs without evaluating their accuracy or appropriateness
Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a
doctrine seems to preclude human freedom by explaining all human behavior in terms of
chains of causes that stretch back into the dim recesses of one's heredity and environment. (
you have no free choice, every decision you make can be traced to a cause from your past)
determinism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that every event, including human
actions,is brought about by previous events in accordance with universal causal laws that
govern the world. Human freedom is an illusion.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
a priori - CORRECT ANSWER prior to experience. often used to describe a
proposition, argument, or value that we can be certain is true without empirical verification,
something derived from pure reason
Albert Camus - CORRECT ANSWER A French existentialist known for essays and
novels. He dealt with what he felt was the absurd situation of human beings in which the
world is essentially irrational, yet we still need to find meaning within it.
Aristippus - CORRECT ANSWER ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates.
believed happiness consists in pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of
hedonism
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER (384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato,
that philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the world.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato,
taught Alexander the Great, emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes", said
virtue was the middle ground between extremes, men should seek to use their intellect
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain
many aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain
many aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of
Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences,
politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system,
which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows
,empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational
inquiry.
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of
ideal forms
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER Who put forms into physical objects?
Baron D'Holbach - CORRECT ANSWER 1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued
humans were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces
(determinism); his staunch atheism, determinism, and attacks on Christianity undermined the
Enlightenment
categorical imperative - CORRECT ANSWER a maxim that commands moral
obligation independent of experience or consequences. it is derived from pure reason and
always carries overriding value.
Cogito ergo sum - CORRECT ANSWER I think therefore I am. Descarte
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER Human actions are free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER The thesis that free will and Determinism is
compatible. Soft Determinism is a version of compatibalism. Hard determinism and
Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories. (if you decide based on internal constraints with
no outside influence then you have free will. If your decision is constrained by outside forces
then your decisions are determined.)
Compatibalism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that all events, including human
actions, are caused. However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
, Cultural relativism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that cultural norms determine
what is ethically right and wrong
D'Holbach - CORRECT ANSWER Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans
were machines governed by outside forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality
of the soul were myths. Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views - CORRECT ANSWER Determinist believed in no "free will"
everything has a cause. River analogy
Daniel C Dennett - CORRECT ANSWER (b. 1942-)the research of this American
Philosopher centers on the philosophy of mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary
biology and cognitive science (materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive - CORRECT ANSWER What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology - CORRECT ANSWER the ethical view that moral value is determined by
fulfilling one's duty
Descartes concept of the soul - CORRECT ANSWER An eternal "thinking thing" that
is attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind body dualism)
Descriptive ethics - CORRECT ANSWER An ethical approach that simply represents
ethical beliefs without evaluating their accuracy or appropriateness
Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a
doctrine seems to preclude human freedom by explaining all human behavior in terms of
chains of causes that stretch back into the dim recesses of one's heredity and environment. (
you have no free choice, every decision you make can be traced to a cause from your past)
determinism - CORRECT ANSWER The view that every event, including human
actions,is brought about by previous events in accordance with universal causal laws that
govern the world. Human freedom is an illusion.
