Nursing 212 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutions
-1/3 Americans suffer from chronic pain
-Leading reason why Americans seek medical care
-Affects more Americans that diabetes, heart disease and cancer
combined
-Leading cause of disability
-Huge expense from lost wages and cost of health care
-Affects patients, families, community and society Correct
Answer Facts about pain
-12th thoracic vertebrae to 3rd lumbar vertebrae
-Left kidney is higher than right due to liver
-Waste collects in the blood and is filtered in the kidneys
-Nephron: functional unit of the kidney Correct Answer
Kidneys
-20-25% of CO circulates through the kidneys each minute
-Waste products of metabolism collect in the blood and are
filtered out in the kidney
-Glomerulus is site of initial filtration
-99% of filtration is reabsorbed into plasma is excreted as urine
Correct Answer How is urine made?
-3 types: A, B, C. Influenza A and B cause seasonal epidemics
-Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and 1-2 B are included in each
year's influenza vaccine
-Most people will recover in a few days to less than a week
-Some people develop life-threatening complications
(pneumonia) Correct Answer Influenza facts
,-Abdominal distension, EFV deficit--> third spacing
-Ascites: accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or
abdominal cavity
-Parasentisis to remove fluid, diuretics
-Increased vascular pressure from portal HTN that pushes
plasma proteins and fluid out of lymph
-Low osmotic pressure (low albumin) in vasculature allows fluid
to leak into abdomen
-Increased aldosterone causes increased water and sodium
absorption in the kidney Correct Answer Ascites/Peripheral
edema and cirrhosis
-Abdominal pain: LUQ, epigastric, radiating to back, pain
aggravated by eating (release pancreatic enzymes--> NPO or
TPN)
-S/sx n/v, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, diminished/absent
bowel sounds Correct Answer Pancreatitis manifestations
-Acute and reversible--> UTI
-Chronic and irreversible--> renal dysfunction
-Muscle tone and pelvic floor muscles
-Fluid balance
-Sociocultural and psychological factors
-Cultural norms
-Social expectations
-Anxiety and stress cause sense of urgency and inability to void
completely
-Voiding in public restrooms may be difficult Correct Answer
Factors that influence urination
-Acute exacerbation: asthma attack
,-SOB, wheezing and chest tightness
-Presents to ED in acute distress
-Rescue inhalers or nebulizers
-Life threatening, risk of respiratory failure, may need
ventilation Correct Answer Asthma complications
-Acute or chronic
-Gastric and duodenal ulcers
-Develop only in acidic environment
-Gastric mucosal barrier to protect stomach (cells renewed every
3 days)
-If impaired, allows HCl to back up and sit on mucosal tissue
-Recurrence rate is high Correct Answer Pepti ulcers
-Addiction: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use,
continued use despite harm, cravings
-Pseudo-addiction: patient behaves typically caused by poorly
controlled pain. "Drug seeking", patient attempting to
demonstrate to the provider that they are experiencing pain.
Clock watching/repeated pain requests
-We create this through biases, fears, and misunderstandings
about pain, pain management, and addiction Correct Answer
Addiction vs. pseudoaddiction
-Age 50 or older
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Congenital defects
-Pregnancy
-Ascites
-Tumors
, -Trauma
-Recumbent position Correct Answer Hiatal hernia cause and
factors
-Ages 65+
-Chronic medical conditions
-Pregnant women
-Young children Correct Answer Influenza at risk
-Alcoholism, biliary tract disease
-Abdominal trauma, viral infections, CF, meds, metabolic
disorders Correct Answer Etiology of pancreatits
-Annual flu vaccines: 6 months+
-Flu shot (inactivated influenza vaccine or IIV) and recombinant
influenza vaccine (RIV)
-Nasal spray flu vaccine should not be used
-Good handwashing Correct Answer Influenza prevention
-Antidepressants: Duloxetine, Venlafaxine (SNRI)--> several
weeks to achieve effects
-Neuroleptics: Gabapentin, pregabalin--> dizziness, sedation
-Muscle relaxants: Cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine--> sedation
Correct Answer Adjuncts
-Aroma therapy
-Herbal medicine
-Nutraceuticals: dietary supplements, functional foods/medicinal
foods Correct Answer Natural pain products
-Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
-1/3 Americans suffer from chronic pain
-Leading reason why Americans seek medical care
-Affects more Americans that diabetes, heart disease and cancer
combined
-Leading cause of disability
-Huge expense from lost wages and cost of health care
-Affects patients, families, community and society Correct
Answer Facts about pain
-12th thoracic vertebrae to 3rd lumbar vertebrae
-Left kidney is higher than right due to liver
-Waste collects in the blood and is filtered in the kidneys
-Nephron: functional unit of the kidney Correct Answer
Kidneys
-20-25% of CO circulates through the kidneys each minute
-Waste products of metabolism collect in the blood and are
filtered out in the kidney
-Glomerulus is site of initial filtration
-99% of filtration is reabsorbed into plasma is excreted as urine
Correct Answer How is urine made?
-3 types: A, B, C. Influenza A and B cause seasonal epidemics
-Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and 1-2 B are included in each
year's influenza vaccine
-Most people will recover in a few days to less than a week
-Some people develop life-threatening complications
(pneumonia) Correct Answer Influenza facts
,-Abdominal distension, EFV deficit--> third spacing
-Ascites: accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or
abdominal cavity
-Parasentisis to remove fluid, diuretics
-Increased vascular pressure from portal HTN that pushes
plasma proteins and fluid out of lymph
-Low osmotic pressure (low albumin) in vasculature allows fluid
to leak into abdomen
-Increased aldosterone causes increased water and sodium
absorption in the kidney Correct Answer Ascites/Peripheral
edema and cirrhosis
-Abdominal pain: LUQ, epigastric, radiating to back, pain
aggravated by eating (release pancreatic enzymes--> NPO or
TPN)
-S/sx n/v, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, diminished/absent
bowel sounds Correct Answer Pancreatitis manifestations
-Acute and reversible--> UTI
-Chronic and irreversible--> renal dysfunction
-Muscle tone and pelvic floor muscles
-Fluid balance
-Sociocultural and psychological factors
-Cultural norms
-Social expectations
-Anxiety and stress cause sense of urgency and inability to void
completely
-Voiding in public restrooms may be difficult Correct Answer
Factors that influence urination
-Acute exacerbation: asthma attack
,-SOB, wheezing and chest tightness
-Presents to ED in acute distress
-Rescue inhalers or nebulizers
-Life threatening, risk of respiratory failure, may need
ventilation Correct Answer Asthma complications
-Acute or chronic
-Gastric and duodenal ulcers
-Develop only in acidic environment
-Gastric mucosal barrier to protect stomach (cells renewed every
3 days)
-If impaired, allows HCl to back up and sit on mucosal tissue
-Recurrence rate is high Correct Answer Pepti ulcers
-Addiction: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use,
continued use despite harm, cravings
-Pseudo-addiction: patient behaves typically caused by poorly
controlled pain. "Drug seeking", patient attempting to
demonstrate to the provider that they are experiencing pain.
Clock watching/repeated pain requests
-We create this through biases, fears, and misunderstandings
about pain, pain management, and addiction Correct Answer
Addiction vs. pseudoaddiction
-Age 50 or older
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Congenital defects
-Pregnancy
-Ascites
-Tumors
, -Trauma
-Recumbent position Correct Answer Hiatal hernia cause and
factors
-Ages 65+
-Chronic medical conditions
-Pregnant women
-Young children Correct Answer Influenza at risk
-Alcoholism, biliary tract disease
-Abdominal trauma, viral infections, CF, meds, metabolic
disorders Correct Answer Etiology of pancreatits
-Annual flu vaccines: 6 months+
-Flu shot (inactivated influenza vaccine or IIV) and recombinant
influenza vaccine (RIV)
-Nasal spray flu vaccine should not be used
-Good handwashing Correct Answer Influenza prevention
-Antidepressants: Duloxetine, Venlafaxine (SNRI)--> several
weeks to achieve effects
-Neuroleptics: Gabapentin, pregabalin--> dizziness, sedation
-Muscle relaxants: Cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine--> sedation
Correct Answer Adjuncts
-Aroma therapy
-Herbal medicine
-Nutraceuticals: dietary supplements, functional foods/medicinal
foods Correct Answer Natural pain products
-Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
