Phoneme - correct answer smallest part of spoken language that makes difference in
the meaning of words. if has two phoneme /i/ /f/ check /ch/ /e/ /k/
Grapheme - correct answer smallest part of written language that represent a
phoneme in the spelling of a word
Phonemic awareness - correct answer ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the
individual sounds phoneme in words. The understanding that that sounds work
together to make words. Helps in reading
Decoding - correct answer analysis of spoken or written symbols in order to
understand their meaning
blending - correct answer when children combine individual phonemes to form
words.
morpheme - correct answer unit of meaning that cannot be divided into smaller
elements such as the word "book"
semantics - correct answer the analysis and study of meaning of words, phrases
and sentences
syntax - correct answer examination of various ways that words combine to create
meaning, the study of how sentences are formed
Fast mapping - correct answer young children are able to use context to arrive at a
quick guess of a words meaning
Reading assessments - correct answer formal and informal reading assessments.
Alphabet knowledge, concepts about print, phonemic awareness, phonics test, high
frequency word recognition, oral reading inventory, spelling inventory.
How to teach phonemic awareness - correct answer 1. teacher says "im going to
say the sounds in the word jam. 2. say the word out loud 3. write the word down, 4.
read the word together
Phonological awareness - correct answer not the same as phonemic awareness.
Phonemic awareness is narrow-identifying and manipulating individual sounds.
Phonological awareness is broad- includes identifying and manipulating larger parts
of spoken language such as words, syllables, onsets and rhymes as well as
phonemes
phonics - correct answer teaches children the relationship between the
letters(graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds(phonemes) of
, spoken language. Criticism is the English spellings are too irregular for phonics to
help.
Teaching phonics - correct answer Assess, plan, explicitly teach and model phonics,
select and design resource material, provide fluency practice, provide ongoing
assessment.
fluency exercises - correct answer student adult reading, choral reading, tape
assisted reading, partner reading, readers theatre
text comprehension activities - correct answer monitoring comprehension, using
graphic and semantic organizers, answering questions, generating questions,
recognizing story structure, summarizing, making use of prior knowledge, using
mental imagery
Generes in writing - correct answer narrative-tells a story, interpretive- explains,
explores importance of event, descriptive- describes a person place or thing,
persuasive- takes a stand on issue, expository- inform, explains a subject to reader
novels - correct answer like a short story but expands on plot, adds subplots, deeper
characters
short stories - correct answer condensed story, popular in elementary schools
folk tales - correct answer old as language. adapt from culture to culture enriched
with customers and beliefs. Usually narrative, author is never known, include fairy
tales, legends, fables, tall tales and humorous.
Study in book - correct answer pages 52-56
Four river valley civilizations (Near East) - correct answer Mesopotamia, Egypt,
India, Chins
Mesopotamia - correct answer is in Southwest Asia, Tigris and Euphratesriver.
Development- writing, organized government, written law code, systematized
religion, astronomy, Astrology.
Egypt - correct answer Northeastern Africa, Banks of Nile Ricer, Mediterranean and
Reds Seas. Dev- complex religion of gods, rituals, and governance, writing,
engineering and building, mathematics
India - correct answer Southern Asia, Indus and Ganges Rivers, Arabian Sea. Dev-
urban culture, planned cities, city wide sanitation system, metallurgy (gold, bronze,
copper ,tin) Measurement (weight, time, length, mass)
China - correct answer East Asia, yellow river. Dev- writing, commerce, government.
Greek- Organized warfare - correct answer Mycenae, Sparta, Phalanx
Greek- Literature - correct answer Epic poetry, plays (drama, tragedy, comedy)