ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 2025 EXPERT
VERIFIED | ACE THE TEST
Transcription - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mRNA
mRNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔makes proteins
RNA polymerase - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A regulatory protein that binds
to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
,Termination of transcription - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Process by which mRNA is decoded and a
protein is produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in the - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cytoplasm
Codon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
Amino acids are - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔building blocks of proteins
tRNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino
acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔amount of protein
product made
,Nucleotide - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1
nitrogenous base
Mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence
that affects genetic information
germline mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all
cells
somatic mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A mutation that occurs in the body cells
from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔• Incorrect copying of the DNA
sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔alters a base but does not change the
amino acid
DNA is - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔master blueprint for human being
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Gene - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proteins
Chromosomes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔threadlike structures made of DNA
molecules that contain the genes
23 pairs of - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔chromosomes
Allele - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔2, one from
mom and one from dad
Phenotype - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits. Affected by environment
Genotype - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔genetic makeup of an organism
locus - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that has two identical alleles
for a trait
Heterozygous - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that has two different alleles
for a trait
UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 2025 EXPERT
VERIFIED | ACE THE TEST
Transcription - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mRNA
mRNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔makes proteins
RNA polymerase - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A regulatory protein that binds
to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
,Termination of transcription - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Process by which mRNA is decoded and a
protein is produced. Protein assembly
Translation takes place in the - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cytoplasm
Codon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
Amino acids are - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔building blocks of proteins
tRNA - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino
acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔amount of protein
product made
,Nucleotide - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1
nitrogenous base
Mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence
that affects genetic information
germline mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all
cells
somatic mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A mutation that occurs in the body cells
from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔• Incorrect copying of the DNA
sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔alters a base but does not change the
amino acid
DNA is - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔master blueprint for human being
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, Gene - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔proteins
Chromosomes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔threadlike structures made of DNA
molecules that contain the genes
23 pairs of - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔chromosomes
Allele - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔2, one from
mom and one from dad
Phenotype - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits. Affected by environment
Genotype - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔genetic makeup of an organism
locus - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that has two identical alleles
for a trait
Heterozygous - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔An organism that has two different alleles
for a trait
