Year 11 Human Biology ATAR
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Metabolism ANS - The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Catabolism ANS - Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Anabolism ANS - Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
Cellular Respiration Equation ANS - Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP energy
Enzyme ANS - A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction
Enzyme-substrate complex ANS - When an enzyme binds to its substrate
Active Site ANS - A region on an enzyme that binds to a substrate during a reaction.
Lock and Key Theory ANS - Enzyme's active site (lock) is already in appropriate conformation for the
substrate (key) to bind
Substrate easily fits into active site
Glycolosis ANS - Breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate; Creates a net
total of 2 ATPs; anaerobic; occurs in cytosol
Krebs Cycle ANS - second stage of cellular respiration; occurs in mitochondria; pyruvate molecules are
turned into ATPs;Generates 2 ATPs; aerobic
,Electron Transport Chain ANS - Uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into
ATP; aerobic; Generates 34 ATPs
Epithilial tissue ANS - Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces; e.g.
skin
Connective Tissue ANS - A tissue that provides support for the body and connects its parts; e.g. blood,
cartilage
Muscular Tissue ANS - Long thin tissue that contracts to create movement; e.g. cardiac muscle, skeletal
muscle
Nervous Tissue ANS - Tissue that carries info between the brain and other parts of the body; e.g.
neurones
Lungs ANS - Two organs, located in the thoracic cavity responsible for breathing
Nasal Cavity ANS - hollow space behind the nose; filters and warms air
Pharynx ANS - throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
Larynx ANS - passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
Pleural Membrane ANS - membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
Epiglottis ANS - A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Trachea ANS - Allows air to pass to and from lungs
Ribs ANS - The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.
, Bronchi ANS - The passages that direct air into the lungs
Intercostal Muscles ANS - Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
Cell Membrane ANS - A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Alveoli ANS - small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place with the bloodstream
Gas Exchange ANS - The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the discharge of
carbon dioxide to the environment; occurs in alveoli
Alveoli Adaptations ANS - →moist lining
→good blood supply
→very thin walls
→enormous surface area
Blood ANS - Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Erythrocytes ANS - red blood cells; carry oxygen; is biconcave and contains no nucleus to carry more
oxygen
Leukocytes ANS - white blood cells; fight infection
Thrombocytes ANS - platelets; forms blood clots
Plasma ANS - Liquid part of blood; carries nutrients, wastes and bicarbonate (which carries the bulk of
Carbon Dioxide)
questions with correct answers rated
100% correct.
Metabolism ANS - The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Catabolism ANS - Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Anabolism ANS - Metabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
Cellular Respiration Equation ANS - Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP energy
Enzyme ANS - A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction
Enzyme-substrate complex ANS - When an enzyme binds to its substrate
Active Site ANS - A region on an enzyme that binds to a substrate during a reaction.
Lock and Key Theory ANS - Enzyme's active site (lock) is already in appropriate conformation for the
substrate (key) to bind
Substrate easily fits into active site
Glycolosis ANS - Breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate; Creates a net
total of 2 ATPs; anaerobic; occurs in cytosol
Krebs Cycle ANS - second stage of cellular respiration; occurs in mitochondria; pyruvate molecules are
turned into ATPs;Generates 2 ATPs; aerobic
,Electron Transport Chain ANS - Uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into
ATP; aerobic; Generates 34 ATPs
Epithilial tissue ANS - Tissue composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces; e.g.
skin
Connective Tissue ANS - A tissue that provides support for the body and connects its parts; e.g. blood,
cartilage
Muscular Tissue ANS - Long thin tissue that contracts to create movement; e.g. cardiac muscle, skeletal
muscle
Nervous Tissue ANS - Tissue that carries info between the brain and other parts of the body; e.g.
neurones
Lungs ANS - Two organs, located in the thoracic cavity responsible for breathing
Nasal Cavity ANS - hollow space behind the nose; filters and warms air
Pharynx ANS - throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
Larynx ANS - passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords
Pleural Membrane ANS - membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage
Epiglottis ANS - A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Trachea ANS - Allows air to pass to and from lungs
Ribs ANS - The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.
, Bronchi ANS - The passages that direct air into the lungs
Intercostal Muscles ANS - Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
Cell Membrane ANS - A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Alveoli ANS - small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place with the bloodstream
Gas Exchange ANS - The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the discharge of
carbon dioxide to the environment; occurs in alveoli
Alveoli Adaptations ANS - →moist lining
→good blood supply
→very thin walls
→enormous surface area
Blood ANS - Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
Erythrocytes ANS - red blood cells; carry oxygen; is biconcave and contains no nucleus to carry more
oxygen
Leukocytes ANS - white blood cells; fight infection
Thrombocytes ANS - platelets; forms blood clots
Plasma ANS - Liquid part of blood; carries nutrients, wastes and bicarbonate (which carries the bulk of
Carbon Dioxide)
