Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers

Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic
Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers




TEST BANK

,Chapter4n01:4nCellular4nBiology
McCance/Huether:4nPathophysiology:4nThe4nBiologic4nBasis4nof4nDisease4nin4nAdults4nand4nChildren,4n9th4nEdition


MULTIPLE4nCHOICE

1. Which4nstatement4nbest4ndescribes4nthe4ncellular4nfunction4nof4nmetabolic4nabsorption?
a. Cells4ncan4nproduce4nproteins.
b. Cells4ncan4nsecrete4ndigestive4nenzymes.
c. Cells4ncan4ntake4nin4nand4nuse4nnutrients.
d. Cells4ncan4nsynthesize4nfats.
ANS:4 n C
In4nmetabolic4nabsorption,4nall4ncells4ntake4nin4nand4nuse4nnutrients4nand4nother4nsubstances4nfrom4nth
eir4nsurroundings.4nThe4nremaining4noptions4nare4nnot4ninclusive4nin4ntheir4ndescriptions4nof4ncell
ular4nmetabolic4nabsorption.

PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF:4 n Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

2. Where4nis4nmost4nof4na4ncell’s4ngenetic4ninformation,4nincluding4nRNA4nand4nDNA,4ncontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:4 n C
The4nnucleus4ncontains4nthe4nnucleolus,4na4nsmall4ndense4nstructure4ncomposed4nlargely4nof4nRN
A,4nmost4nof4nthe4ncellular4nDNA,4nand4nthe4nDNA-
binding4nproteins,4nsuch4nas4nthe4nhistones,4nwhich4nregulate4nits4nactivity.4nThe4nmitochondria4n
are4nresponsible4nfor4ncellular4nrespiration4nand4nenergy4nproduction.
Ribosomes’4nchief4nfunction4nis4nto4nprovide4nsites4nfor4ncellular4nprotein4nsynthesis.4nLyso
somes4nfunction4nas4nthe4nintracellular4ndigestive4nsystem.

PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF:4 n Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

3. Which4ncomponent4nof4nthe4ncell4nproduces4nhydrogen4nperoxide4n(H2O2)4nby4nusing4noxygen4nto4nr
emove4nhydrogen4natoms4nfrom4nspecific4nsubstrates4nin4nan4noxidative4nreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:4 n B

Peroxisomes4nare4nso4nnamed4nbecause4nthey4nusually4ncontain4nenzymes4nthat4nuse4noxygen4nto4n
remove4nhydrogen4natoms4nfrom4nspecific4nsubstrates4nin4nan4noxidative4nreaction4nthat4nproduces4n
H2O2,4nwhich4nis4na4npowerful4noxidant4nand4npotentially4ndestructive4nif4nit4naccumulates4nor4nesca
pes4nfrom4nperoxisomes.4nRibosomes4nare4nRNA-
protein4ncomplexes4n(nucleoproteins)4nthat4nare4nsynthesized4nin4nthe4nnucleolus4nand4nsecreted4ni
nto4nthe4ncytoplasm4nthrough4npores4nin4nthe4nnuclear4nenvelope4ncalled4nnuclear4npore4ncomplex
es.4nLysosomes4nare4nsaclike4nstructures4nthat4noriginate4nfrom4nthe4nGolgi4ncomplex4nand4ncontai
n4nmore4nthan4n404ndigestive4nenzymes4ncalled4nhydrolases,4nwhich4ncatalyze4nbonds4nin4nprotein
s,4nlipids,4nnucleic4nacids,4nand4ncarbohydrates.4nAn4nendosome4nis4na4nvesical4nthat4nhas4nbeen4npi
nched4noff4nfrom4nthe4ncellular4nmembrane.

PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF:4 n Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

4. Which4ncell4ncomponent4nis4ncapable4nof4ncellular4nautodigestion4nwhen4nit4nis4nreleased4nduri
ng4ncell4ninjury?

, a. Ribosome
b. Golgi4ncomplex
c. Smooth4nendoplasmic4nreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:4 n D
The4nlysosomal4nmembrane4nacts4nas4na4nprotective4nshield4nbetween4nthe4npowerful4ndigestive4nen
zymes4nwithin4nthe4nlysosome4nand4nthe4ncytoplasm,4npreventing4ntheir4nleakage4ninto4nthe4ncytopl
asmic4nmatrix.4nDisruption4nof4nthe4nmembrane4nby4nvarious4ntreatments4nor4ncellular4ninjury4nle
ads4nto4na4nrelease4nof4nthe4nlysosomal4nenzymes,4nwhich4ncan4nthen4nreact4nwith4ntheir4nspecific4n
substrates,4ncausing4ncellular
self-
digestion.4nThe4nchief4nfunction4nof4na4nribosome4nis4nto4nprovide4nsites4nfor4ncellular4nprotein4nsy
nthesis.4nThe4nGolgi4ncomplex4nis4na4nnetwork4nof4nflattened,4nsmooth4nvesicles4nand4nmembranes4no
ften4nlocated4nnear4nthe4ncell4nnucleus.4nThe4nsmooth4nendoplasmic4nreticulum4nis4ninvolved4nin4ns
teroid4nhormone4nproduction4nand4nremoving4ntoxic4nsubstances4nfrom4nthe4ncell.

PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF:4 n Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

5. Which4ncAMP-mediated4nresponse4nis4nrelated4nto4nantidiuretic4nhormone?
a. Increased4nheart4nrate4nand4nforce4nof4ncontraction
b. Secretion4nof4ncortisol
c. Increased4nretention4nof4nwater
d. Breakdown4nof4nfat
ANS:4 n C
Antidiuretic4nhormone4nleads4nto4nincreased4nretention4nof4nwater4nin4nthe4nbody.4nEpinephrine4
ncauses4nincreases4nin4nheart4nrate4nand4nforce4nof4ncontraction.4nIncreased4ncortisol4nsecretion4nis

4ndue4nto4nACTH.4nBreakdown4nof4nfat4nis4ndue4nto4nglucagon.



PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF:4 n Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

6. During4nwhich4nphase4nof4nthe4ncell4ncycle4nis4nDNA4nsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:4 n B


The4nfour4ndesignated4nphases4nof4nthe4ncell4ncycle4nare:4n(1)4nthe4nG14nphase4n(G4n=4ngap),4nwhich4
nis4nthe4nperiod4nbetween4nthe4nM4nphase4n(M4n=4nmitosis)4nand4nthe4nstart4nof4nDNA4nsynthesis;4n(2)4n

the4nS4nphase4n(S
=4nsynthesis),4nduring4nwhich4nDNA4nis4nsynthesized4nin4nthe4ncell4nnucleus;4n(3)4nthe4nG24 n phase,4nd
uring4nwhich4nRNA4nand4nprotein4nsynthesis4noccurs,4nthe4nperiod4nbetween4nthe4ncompletion4nof
4nDNA4nsynthesis4nand4nthe4nnext4nphase4n(M);4nand4n(4)4nthe4nM4nphase,4nwhich4nincludes4nnucle

ar4nand4ncytoplasmic4ndivision.

PTS:4 n 4 n 1 DIF: Cognitive4nLevel:4nRemembering

7. What4norganic4ncompound4nfacilitates4ntransportation4nacross4ncell4nmembranes4nby4nacti
ng4nas4nreceptors,4ntransport4nchannels4nfor4nelectrolytes,4nand4nenzymes4nto4ndrive4nacti
ve4npumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:4 n C
Proteins4nhave4nseveral4nfunctions,4nincluding4nacting4nas4nreceptors,4ntransport4nchannels4nfor4ne

, lectrolytes,4nand4nenzymes4nto4ndrive4nactive4npumps4nLipids4nhelp4nact4nas4nthe4n“glue”4nholding4
ncell4nmembranes4ntogether.4nProteases4ncause4nthe4nbreakdown4nof4nprotein.4nCarbohydrates4nare4ni

nvolved4nin4ncellular4nprotection4nand4nlubrication4nand4nhelp4nproduce4nenergy4nvia4noxidative4np
hosphorylation.