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Antibiotica samenvatting structuurherkenning (16/20) (sowieso 1 grote vraag op het examen )

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Duidelijke samenvatting van alle antibioticaklassen met bijhorende structuren. Hiervan komt sowieso 1 grote vraag (4 punten) op het examen.

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Antibiotica
Inhibitie van de celwandsynthese:
1. β-lactam antibiotica
o Voorbeelden (subklasse): Penicillines, Cefalosporines,
Monobactams, Carbapenems
o Structuur: Bevat een β-lactamring (vierledige cyclische
amide).
o Werking: Remmen van transpeptidase-enzym (PBP) door
acylatie, wat celwandsynthese inhibeert (bactericide werking).
o Resistentie:
 Gewijzigd PBP (bijvoorbeeld mecA-gen in S. aureus).
 Afbraak door β-lactamasen. Oplossing:
combinatietherapie met β-lactamase-inhibitoren zoals
clavulaanzuur (amoxicilline) ,tazobactam (piperacilline),
vaborbactam (meropenem) en avibactam (ceftazimide).




Penicillline Cefalosporine




Monobactams Carbapenems


Penicillines: Benzylpenicilline, Oxacilline, Amoxicilline,
Fenoxymethylpenicilline, Ticarcilline, Piperacilline, Feneticilline
Cefalosporines: Cefazoline, Cefuroxim, Ceftiazidim, Cefepim

, Monobactams: Aztreonam
Carbapenems: Imipenem, Meropenem
2. Glycopeptide antibiotica
o Voorbeelden: Vancomycine, Teicoplanine
o Structuur: Groot molecuul met suikers en aromatische
ringen.
o Werking: Binden aan D-Ala-D-Ala van peptidoglycaan
bouwstenen, remmen polymerisatie en crosslinking
(bactericide).
o Resistentie: Wijziging van doelwit, bijvoorbeeld substitutie D-
Ala naar D-lactaat bij VRE (vancomycine-resistente
enterokokken).




Glycopeptide


3. Bacitracine
o Structuur: Cyclisch polypeptide.
o Werking: Inhibitie van defosforylatie van C55-
isoprenylpyrofosfaat (essentieel voor celwandtransport).
(bactericide)

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Uploaded on
October 1, 2025
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December 3, 2025
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