Nr 507 Pulmonary Final Exam Questions With Correct Verified Answers 100% Pass (A+ Certified)

1. Anticholinergic drugs for asthma: Fast-acting treatment for asthma -Tiopropium and Iprapropium -block acetylcholine binding (remember this is NT transmitter released in the parasympathetic stimulation which causes constriction of the bronchi by blocking it, we decrease the parasympathetic response therefore preventing constriction. -Atrovent & Spiriva both prevent the muscle bands around the airways from tightening thus reduce in exacerbation. 2. Asthma Correct Answer A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. -Characterized by: 1. Airway inflammation 2. Bronchial hyperactivity 3. Intermittent, reversible airflow obstruction. 3. causes of asthma Correct Answer complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors Results in: 1. Excess mucus production/accumulation 2. Hypertrophy of smooth muscle 3. Airflow obstruction 4. Decreased alveolar ventilation. 4. extrinsic asthma Correct Answer triggered by a chronic allergic reaction eg - mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander -elevated IgE level is diagnostic -more common, especially in children (males:females = 2:1) S/S Coughing, wheezing, SOB, tachypnea, chest tightness. 5. Intrinsic asthma Correct Answer triggered by a variety of non-allergic factors eg - chemicals, air-borne irritants, infections (esp. viral), exercise, stress, anxiety, GERD, obesity -no initial elevation in IgE level -typically seen in adults (40 y/o) (slightly more common in females) 6. patho of asthma Correct Answer 1.Allergen enters body 2. Ag binds, mast cells (which have IgE) degranulate (histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, interleukin) 3. Leads to smooth muscle constriction mucus secretion vasodilation edema more WBC to site (too many) dendritic cells, T H 2 cells (T helper 2) Stimulate B-cells More IgE Eosinophils and neutrophils to site Inflammation Leads to damage of tissue which can further lead to permanent airway remodeling (resulting in extrinsic asthma). 7. Alveolar Hyperinflation in Asthma Correct Answer Plugs of mucus and pus, caused by the process explained above, from the inflammatory process can block alveolar passageways, leading to air-trapping inside the alveoli, causing hyperinflation. This can also occur with bronchitis. 8. short acting beta 2 agonists Correct Answer Fast-acting treatment for asthma -Albuterol, Levalbuterol (Xopenex) and Pirbuterol (Maxamir) -Activate Beta receptors (remember the sympathetic stimulation which causes dilation of the bronchi). Albuterol increases the sympathetic response. 9. oral corticosteroids