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Contribution Margin - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The difference between marginal
revenue and marginal cost; Contribution margin goes toward supporting
fixed costs; if it exceeds that, it goes to profit.
Break-even point - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Break-even point is the volume number
of units when the marginal revenue covers the fixed cost opportunity; The
break-even point is the level of sales volume of a product producing the
exact amount of Contribution margin needed to cover fixed costs
Overhead - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Indirect costs; Examples may include
administrative and general costs, maintenance, etc.
,Activity-Based costing - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Activity-based costing (ABC) is a
method of determining product costs using cost drivers or activity
measures, that cause indirect costs to be incurred. Ideal cost drivers are
activities that pertain to each procedure in varying amounts.
Activity-based costing is generally considered a more accurate costing
method than the proportionate allocation method. It is, however, often more
expensive to determine due to the necessary data collection.
Service-Line Costing - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Healthcare organizations have
developed product lines based on major diagnostic categories (for
example, diseases of the digestive system or obstetric procedures).
,The advantage of analyzing results by diagnostic category is that it
develops an estimate of total resources consumed, including resources
consumed in shared departments
Service Line Costing Profitability Analysis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Product-line
costing can also be useful in assessing the profitability of a proposed
managed care contract and in developing carve-out rates for specific types
of cases (for example, open-heart surgeries and bone marrow transplants).
Responsibility Accounting - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Responsibility accounting is the
assignment or allocation of cost to the individual manager who is primarily
responsible for making decisions about those costs. Once the primary
responsibility for incurring a specific cost has been established, various
management reports, such as departmental expense reports, can be
developed to assess a manager's effectiveness.
An Example
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, The budget manager has provided you with your monthly responsibility
report and has asked you to do the following:
Analyze the unfavorable variances in wage expense and medical supplies.
Explain the reasons for these material variances between actual and
budget.
Standard Costing System (intro) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔There are two principal
uses for cost accounting: assist with price negotiations and identify
opportunities to enhance financial performance. Cost accounting is used for
management decision-making. The better the cost information, the better
the decision-making. One of the best methods of developing cost
information is to implement a standard costing system.