NURS 315 Exam 1 Best Review 2025

NURS 315 Exam 1 Best Review 2025 Sodium - -135-145 mEq/L Sodium ____ in Kidney failure - -Decreases If under ____, sodium will cause ______ - -120 Coma Potassium - -3.5-5.0 mEq/L Potassium _______ in kidney failure - -Increases Calcium - -9.0-10.5 mEq/L Calcium _______ in kidney failure - -Decreases Phosphate - -3.0-4.5 mEq/L Phosphate _________ in kidney failure - -Increases Cholesterol - -200 If higher than 200, cholesterol will cause - -Hypertension, hyperlipidemia BUN - -10-20 mg/dL BUN ________ in kidney failure - -Increases Creatinine - -0.6-1.3 mg/dL Creatinine _______ in kidney failure - -Increases GFR - -70-135 Protein (in urinalysis) - -0-8 mg/dL Fasting glucose - -70-110 Glucose in urine - -None NUR 315 NUR 315 Glucose in urine indicates - -Kidney disease and diabetes Albumin - -3.5-5.0 WBC - - WBC in urine - -None, otherwise indicates infection Specific Gravity - -1.005-1.030 Fixed gravity in AKF and what stage - -1.010 stage 1 3 types of AKF - -Pre-renal intrarenal post renal Prerenal - -Complications prior ex: heart failure, hypotension Intra renal - -Complications in the kidney itself ex: glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome Post renal - -Complications after ex: BPH, obstruction Stage 1 AKF - -Oliguric phase Oliguric phase shows... - -Protein and sodium in urine urine under 400mL in a day reduced GFR (under 70) water retention kussmaul breathing (rapid and deep) electrolyte imbalances azotemia (increased BUN and Cr) What is the most reliable way to diagnose AKF? - -LOW GFR Manifestations of AKF - -Seizures tremors coma fatigue lethargy Fluid allowed in a day is.... - -24hr output + 600mL NUR 315 NUR 315 Stage 2 - -Diuretic stage Diuretic stage is... - -Pee more (1-5L a day) can't concentrate urine (electrolyte imbalance) BUN and Creatine normal low Na hyponatremia low K hypokalemia Stage 3 - -Recovery Recovery stage is - -GFR increases electrolytes normalize progresses into chronic kidney disease BUN and Cr decrease AKF treatments - -Insulin for hyperkalemia (sometimes with albuterol) dialysis if other treatments don't work nursing management of AKF - -Na, K, PO4 restricted fluid restricted ensure nutrition with protein and calorie consumption BPH is most common in - -Older men BPH is - -Compression of the urethra (difficulty urinating) Diagnose BPH by doing - -Digital rectal exam Rule out cancer by doing - -Prostate specific antigen test Surgery for BPH - -Transurethra resection of prostate (TURPS) -cutting/burning prostate tissue Medication for BPH - -Flomax (tamsulosine; beta-blocker) -increases urine output by relaxing urethra/muscles around urethra After surgery for BPH there should be - -No blood or clots BPH post surgery - -Do not force catheter- contact healthcare provider to put it in or order different catheter kegel exercises NUR 315 NUR 315 Nursing management of BPH - -Watch for UTI Urinary retention I & O Priority for renal calculi - -Pain Risk factors of renal calculi - -History of UTI purine diet sedentary lifestyle warm environment Diluted urine is when - -Urine contains more crystal forming Crystal forming substances than fluid in urine- leads to crystal forming Types of calculi - -Calcium oxalate calcium phosphate uric acid cystine strubite Calcium oxalate calculi - -Calcium is given to treat from leafy greens Calcium phosphate calculi - -Caused by dehydration common Uric acid calculi - -Most common in Jewish men because of purine diet Symptoms of renal calculi - -Hematuria (calculi moving) fever colicky pain (calculi getting lodged in ureters) Diagnose calculi with - -Ultrasound intravenous pyelogram (IVP) What to do before doing an IVP - -Check allergies to dye (iodine) make sure not taking metformin assess the kidneys Normal reaction to IVP - -Salty taste flushed face Medications for calculi - -Opioids flomax (can cause orthostatic hypotension) NUR 315 NUR 315 NUR 315 Surgeries for calculi - -Cystoscopy (stones in bladder) lithoscopy (in urinary tract) nephrolithotomy (in kidney/ureters) Post cystoscopy - -Burning pink tinge in urine (NOT bl