Nr546 Final Exam Latest Exam Questions With Correct Verified Answers | 100% Pass (A+ Certified)

1. Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Answer Lithium Anticonvulsants Second generation antipsychotics 2. Unipolar depression Answer major depressive disorder (MDD) one of the most common mental disorders -Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25 S/S -depressed mood -loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities -irritability -withdrawal -problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth -severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms. 2 / 122 3. Bipolar disorder (BD) Answer Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function -Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or psychotic features -many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime -Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle rapidly -diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a history of one or more major depressive episodes -high risk for suicide 4. mania Answer characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization 5. Bipolar Type I Answer 3 / 122 requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization due to symptoms is required) 6. Bipolar Type II Answer diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven. -Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization. -Anger and irritability are common. -Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the depression phase. 7. Cyclothymia Answer involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode. 8. If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD Answer antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression 4 / 122 -may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults younger than 25 9. Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar disorder and never as ________________. Answer monotherapy -Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of a hypomanic or manic episode 10. DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Answer Decreased positive affect: depressed mood loss of joy lack of interest loss of energy decreased alertness decreased self-confidence appetite changes 11. 5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Answer Increased negative affect: depressed mood guilt fear/anxiety hostility irritability loneliness appetite changes 12. monoamine hypothesis of depression Answer 5 / 122 depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine transmitters • serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine -while mania may result from an excess 13. Medication Management for Depression, First-Line Treatment Answer • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) • Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) • Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI) • Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs) 14. SSRI's Answer Mechanism of action • inhibit 5-HT reuptake Adverse effects -diarrhea -headache -weight gain -sexual side effects 15. SNRI's Answer Mechanism of action • inhibit 5-HT reuptake 6 / 122 • inhibit NE reuptake (increase