Enterprise Architecture – Summary
By Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
Table of Contents
Lecture 1 ............................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................ 4
The Path of Development of Strategic Information Systems Theory (Clarke) .................... 5
Strategic Alignment (Henderson and Venkatraman) .......................................................... 5
Additional information in slides .......................................................................................... 6
Lecture 2 ............................................................................................................................... 7
Information Management: A Roadmap .............................................................................. 7
Who is managing the information (Maes) .......................................................................... 8
Additional information in slides .......................................................................................... 8
Lecture 3 ............................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2.2.1 IEEE 1471-2000/ISO/IEC 42010 Standard .................................................. 9
Chapter 2.2.2 The Zachman Framework ........................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................ 11
Lecture 4 ............................................................................................................................. 13
Chapter 2.2.3 TOGAF (incl. slides) .................................................................................. 13
Chapter 6.13.................................................................................................................... 14
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 15
Lecture / 7 ................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 5 ........................................................................................................................ 17
1. Motivation*........................................................................................................... 18
2. Strategy*.............................................................................................................. 19
3. Business .............................................................................................................. 19
4. Application ........................................................................................................... 21
5. Technology .......................................................................................................... 22
6. Physical*.............................................................................................................. 23
7. Implementation & Migration* ................................................................................ 23
Relations ...................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 7 ........................................................................................................................ 25
The Modelling Process................................................................................................. 25
Guidelines for Modelling............................................................................................... 26
Readability and Usability of Models.............................................................................. 28
1
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
, Chapter 8 ........................................................................................................................ 29
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 33
Lecture 9 ............................................................................................................................. 36
Principles ......................................................................................................................... 36
Project Portfolio Management ......................................................................................... 36
Maturity ........................................................................................................................... 37
Added value of Enterprise Architecture............................................................................ 38
Lecture 10 ........................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.3 UML .......................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.4 ADL ........................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.5................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 2.4 ..................................................................................................................... 40
“4+1 View” Model (Kruchten) ........................................................................................... 41
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 41
Enterprise architecture vs software architecture: .......................................................... 42
Architecture styles........................................................................................................ 42
SOA from a business perspective ................................................................................ 45
SOA from a technical perspective ................................................................................ 47
Lecture 11 ........................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter 3.3.4 Semantics in ArchiMate vs UML................................................................ 49
Chapter 6.10.................................................................................................................... 49
More information from lecture slides ................................................................................ 49
Example exam questions .................................................................................................... 50
2
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
,Lecture 1
Chapter 1
Architecture: fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment, embodied
in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution
Stakeholder: an individual, team, or organisation (or classes thereof) with interests in, or
concerns relative to, a system
Enterprise: any collection of organisations that has a common set of goals and/or a single
bottom line
Enterprise architecture: a coherent whole of principles, methods, and models that are used
in the design and realisation of an enterprise’s organisational structure, business processes,
information systems, and infrastructure; architecture of the entire enterprise
For internal drivers for enterprise architecture, consider figures 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 1.1: The architecture description life cycle. Fig. 1.2: Strategic alignment model
Fig. 1.3: Enterprise architecture as a management instrument Fig. 1.4: Operating model
3
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
, Explanation of fig 1.3:
- Mission (statement): Why does the organization exist.
E.g. Apple: “We recognize that this is a unique time when our efforts will change the
way people work and live. It’s an adventure and we are in it together”
- Vision: Image of the future, shared value.
- Strategy: Route to achieve mission and vision. Plan or action-pattern how to achieve
the goals AND Reaction of the organization to its environment over a longer period of
time.
- Goals: What do we want to achieve (quantitative, measurable results). Be SMART:
o Specific: What, Why and How
o Measurable: If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it
o Attainable / Achievable / Acceptable: Within reasonable reach, no utopia
o Realistic: Not easy, but do-able
o Timely / Time framed / Trackable: e.g. “within 2 years”, “before 2007”
- Actions: how are we going to achieve the goals (action plan, phased in time)
Chapter 13
Business process redesign have become essential since the 1980s due to customer focus
and the rise of information modelling.
Enterprise architecture is increasingly seen as a strategic tool for enterprise governance,
although this requires the role of the enterprise architect, stressing its added value.
Unlike with ‘traditional’ enterprise architecture,
the networked business architect should
consider cross-company cooperations, stress
the roles of organisations, link to internal
business processes, and assess prerequisites
of technology. Here, transparency and agility
are two-faced: the first deals with the balance
between cooperation and competitive
advantage, while the latter requires flexibility
and a documented architecture.
Fig. 1.5: Transformation levels according to Venkatraman
Fig. 1.5 can also be read as Y-axis “the more IT changes the business” and X-axis “the more
added value of IT”, from basic IT support to modern technology to new business.
- Evolutionary levels
o Localized exploitation: individual business functions, local efficiency &
effectiveness
o Integral integration: between different systems and applications, using
common IT platform, efficiency & effectiveness by coordination
- Revolutionary levels:
o Business process redesign: thorough re-evaluation of business value chain
o Business network redesign: reconfiguration of scope and tasks of business
network, coordination beyond enterprise’s boundaries
o Business scope redefinition: migration of functions across enterprise’s
boundaries, changing organisations’ conception of the business it is in
4
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
By Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
Table of Contents
Lecture 1 ............................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................ 4
The Path of Development of Strategic Information Systems Theory (Clarke) .................... 5
Strategic Alignment (Henderson and Venkatraman) .......................................................... 5
Additional information in slides .......................................................................................... 6
Lecture 2 ............................................................................................................................... 7
Information Management: A Roadmap .............................................................................. 7
Who is managing the information (Maes) .......................................................................... 8
Additional information in slides .......................................................................................... 8
Lecture 3 ............................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2.2.1 IEEE 1471-2000/ISO/IEC 42010 Standard .................................................. 9
Chapter 2.2.2 The Zachman Framework ........................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................ 11
Lecture 4 ............................................................................................................................. 13
Chapter 2.2.3 TOGAF (incl. slides) .................................................................................. 13
Chapter 6.13.................................................................................................................... 14
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 15
Lecture / 7 ................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 5 ........................................................................................................................ 17
1. Motivation*........................................................................................................... 18
2. Strategy*.............................................................................................................. 19
3. Business .............................................................................................................. 19
4. Application ........................................................................................................... 21
5. Technology .......................................................................................................... 22
6. Physical*.............................................................................................................. 23
7. Implementation & Migration* ................................................................................ 23
Relations ...................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 7 ........................................................................................................................ 25
The Modelling Process................................................................................................. 25
Guidelines for Modelling............................................................................................... 26
Readability and Usability of Models.............................................................................. 28
1
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
, Chapter 8 ........................................................................................................................ 29
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 33
Lecture 9 ............................................................................................................................. 36
Principles ......................................................................................................................... 36
Project Portfolio Management ......................................................................................... 36
Maturity ........................................................................................................................... 37
Added value of Enterprise Architecture............................................................................ 38
Lecture 10 ........................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.3 UML .......................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.4 ADL ........................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 2.3.5................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 2.4 ..................................................................................................................... 40
“4+1 View” Model (Kruchten) ........................................................................................... 41
Additional information in slides ........................................................................................ 41
Enterprise architecture vs software architecture: .......................................................... 42
Architecture styles........................................................................................................ 42
SOA from a business perspective ................................................................................ 45
SOA from a technical perspective ................................................................................ 47
Lecture 11 ........................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter 3.3.4 Semantics in ArchiMate vs UML................................................................ 49
Chapter 6.10.................................................................................................................... 49
More information from lecture slides ................................................................................ 49
Example exam questions .................................................................................................... 50
2
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
,Lecture 1
Chapter 1
Architecture: fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment, embodied
in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and evolution
Stakeholder: an individual, team, or organisation (or classes thereof) with interests in, or
concerns relative to, a system
Enterprise: any collection of organisations that has a common set of goals and/or a single
bottom line
Enterprise architecture: a coherent whole of principles, methods, and models that are used
in the design and realisation of an enterprise’s organisational structure, business processes,
information systems, and infrastructure; architecture of the entire enterprise
For internal drivers for enterprise architecture, consider figures 2, 3, and 4.
Fig. 1.1: The architecture description life cycle. Fig. 1.2: Strategic alignment model
Fig. 1.3: Enterprise architecture as a management instrument Fig. 1.4: Operating model
3
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
, Explanation of fig 1.3:
- Mission (statement): Why does the organization exist.
E.g. Apple: “We recognize that this is a unique time when our efforts will change the
way people work and live. It’s an adventure and we are in it together”
- Vision: Image of the future, shared value.
- Strategy: Route to achieve mission and vision. Plan or action-pattern how to achieve
the goals AND Reaction of the organization to its environment over a longer period of
time.
- Goals: What do we want to achieve (quantitative, measurable results). Be SMART:
o Specific: What, Why and How
o Measurable: If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it
o Attainable / Achievable / Acceptable: Within reasonable reach, no utopia
o Realistic: Not easy, but do-able
o Timely / Time framed / Trackable: e.g. “within 2 years”, “before 2007”
- Actions: how are we going to achieve the goals (action plan, phased in time)
Chapter 13
Business process redesign have become essential since the 1980s due to customer focus
and the rise of information modelling.
Enterprise architecture is increasingly seen as a strategic tool for enterprise governance,
although this requires the role of the enterprise architect, stressing its added value.
Unlike with ‘traditional’ enterprise architecture,
the networked business architect should
consider cross-company cooperations, stress
the roles of organisations, link to internal
business processes, and assess prerequisites
of technology. Here, transparency and agility
are two-faced: the first deals with the balance
between cooperation and competitive
advantage, while the latter requires flexibility
and a documented architecture.
Fig. 1.5: Transformation levels according to Venkatraman
Fig. 1.5 can also be read as Y-axis “the more IT changes the business” and X-axis “the more
added value of IT”, from basic IT support to modern technology to new business.
- Evolutionary levels
o Localized exploitation: individual business functions, local efficiency &
effectiveness
o Integral integration: between different systems and applications, using
common IT platform, efficiency & effectiveness by coordination
- Revolutionary levels:
o Business process redesign: thorough re-evaluation of business value chain
o Business network redesign: reconfiguration of scope and tasks of business
network, coordination beyond enterprise’s boundaries
o Business scope redefinition: migration of functions across enterprise’s
boundaries, changing organisations’ conception of the business it is in
4
Enterprise Architecture Summary by Isabel Rutten (May 2025)
