Test Bank for A Concise Introduction to Logic, 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley | Latest 2025/2026 Update | Verified A+

Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley
Chapter 1-14




TEST BANK

, TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Chapter 2: Language: Meaning and Definition

Chapter 3: Informal Fallacies

Chapter 4: Categorical Propositions

Chapter 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Chapter 6: Propositional Logic

Chapter 7: Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Chapter 8: Predicate Logic

Chapter 9: Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Chapter 10: Causality and Mill's Methods

Chapter 11: Probability

Chapter 12: Statistical Reasoning

Chapter 13: Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning

Chapter 14: Science and Superstition

,Chapter 1: Basic Concepts



MULTIPLE CHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
nonarguments and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.

1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women
today are working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing
more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the
typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working
less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and
relaxing less.
ANS: D PTS: 2

2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins
that regulate blood pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high
blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm
production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical impulses
in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall
information.
ANS: C PTS: 2

3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to
choose the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and
that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men
of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they
have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.


ANS: E PTS: 2

4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and
federal income tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local
merchants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work

, for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


Btaxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


Bcontribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
B B B B B B B B


a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
B B B B B B B B B B


c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
B B B B B B B B


d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. B B B B B B B B B


e. Nonargument.


ANS: A B PTS: BB B 2

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
B B B B B B B B B B B B


Bover-arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are
B B B B B B


seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B


groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against
B B B B B B B B B B B


property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses,
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses
B B B B B B B B B B B B


than black women.
B B B


Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." B B B B B B B


a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
B B B B B B B


b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
B B B B B B B B B B


d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
B B B B B B B


e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer B B B B B B B




periods in prison.
B B B




ANS: B B PTS: 2 B B




6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


BThere are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
B B B B B B B B B B B B


Bprobes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these
B B B B B B B B B B B


Bcriminals install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing
B B B B B B B B B B B


Bstolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to
B B B B B B B B B B B B


Bvisit pay-per-click ads.
B B


a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
B B B B B B B B B B


b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
B B B B B B B B B


c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
B B B B B B B B B


e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected B B B B B B B




by a firewall.
B B B




ANS: E B PTS: 2 B B




7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


be made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the
B B B B B B B B B B B B B


most important object of comparison for planetologists.
B B B B B B B


Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy B B B B B


a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
B B B B B B B B


b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. B B B B B B B B


c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. B B B B B B B B


d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the B B B B B B B




B atmosphere.
ANS: C B PTS: 2 B B