Solutions Manual For Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach 4th Edition By Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig (1) For Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach 4th Edition By Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig (1)

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
g g g




Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
g g g g g g




by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28
g g g g g g g g g g

,Artificial Intelligenceg




1 Introduction ...
gggg g g g




2 Intelligent Agents ...
gggg g g g g




II Problem-solving
g




3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
gggg g g g g g g




4 Search in Complex Environments ...
gggg g g g g g g




5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
gggg g g g g g g




6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
gggg g g g g g




III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
g g g g




7 Logical Agents ...
gggg g g g g




8 First-Order Logic ...
gggg g g g g




9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
gggg g g g g g




10 Knowledge Representation ...
gggg g g g g




11 Automated Planning ...
gggg g g g g




IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
g g g g




12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
gggg g g g g




13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
gggg g g g g




14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
gggg g g g g g g




15 Probabilistic Programming ...
gggg g g g g




16 Making Simple Decisions ...
gggg g g g g g




17 Making Complex Decisions ...
gggg g g g g g




18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
gggg g g g g g




V Machine Learning
g g

, 19 Learning from Examples ...
gggg g g g g g




20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
gggg g g g g g




21 Deep Learning ...
gggg g g g g




22 Reinforcement Learning ...
gggg g g g g




VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
g g g g




23 Natural Language Processing ...
gggg g g g g g




24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
gggg g g g g g g g g




25 Computer Vision ...
gggg g g g g




26 Robotics ...
gggg g g g




VII Conclusions
g




27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
gggg g g g g g g g g




28 The Future of AI
gggg g g g g

, EXERCISES g g




1
INTRODUCTION
Note that for many of the questions in this chapter, we give references where answers can be found
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




rather than writing them out—the full answers would be far too long.
g g g g g g g g g g g g




1.1 What Is AI?
g g g




Exercise 1.1.#DEFA g




Define in your own words: (a) intelligence, (b) artificial intelligence, (c) agent, (d) ra-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g




tionality, (e) logical reasoning.
g g g g




a. Dictionary definitions of intelligence talk about ―the capacity to acquire and apply g g g g g g g g g g g




knowledge‖ or ―the faculty of thought and reason‖ or ―the ability to comprehend and
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




profit from experience.‖ These are all reasonable answers, but if we want something
g g g g g g g g g g g g g




quantifiable we would use something like ―the ability to act successfully across a wide
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




range of objectives in complex environments.‖
g g g g g g




b. We define artificial intelligence as the study and construction of agent programs that
g g g g g g g g g g g g




perform well in a given class of environments, for a given agent architecture; they do the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




right thing. An important part of that is dealing with the uncertainty of what the current
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




state is, what the outcome of possible actions might be, and what is it that we really desire.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




c. We define an agent as an entity that takes action in response to percepts from an envi-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




ronment.
g




d. We define rationality as the property of a system which does the ―right thing‖ given what
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




it knows. See Section 2.2 for a more complete discussion. The basic concept is perfect
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




rationality; Section ?? describes the impossibility of achieving perfect rational- ity and
g g g g g g g g g g g g




proposes an alternative definition.
g g g g




e. We define logical reasoning as the a process of deriving new sentences from old, such that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




the new sentences are necessarily true if the old ones are true. (Notice that does not refer to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




anyspecificsyntaxorformallanguage, butitdoesrequirea well-definednotion of truth.)
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




Exercise 1.1.#TURI g




Read Turing‘s original paper on AI (Turing, 1950). In the paper, he discusses several
g g g g g g g g g g g g g




objections tohis proposedenterprise and histestforintelligence. Whichobjectionsstillcarry
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g




© 2023 Pearson Education, Hoboken, NJ. All rights reserved.
g g g g g g g g