CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|LATEST
List drug options that will cover a pseudomonas - ANSWER Ceftazidime, cefipime,
Pipercillin/ticarcillin, Meropenem, imipenem,aztreonam, Flouroquinolones, Aminoglycosides
Describe the differences in CSF findings between bacterial, viral, & herpes meningitis -
ANSWER Bacterial- Decreased glucose and highly Increased WBC, Lactate, protein: Diff-
PMN
Viral- Glucose normal and lactate normal or decreased, protein and WBC mildly increased. DIff
PMN first than monos
Herpes- Glucose normal, protein and WBC increased, Diff PMN than monos, RBC >1000 in
absence of traumatic tap.
List signs & symptoms of malaria - ANSWER Fever, CNS dysfunction, anemia,
hemoglobinuria, sweats, chills, HA, pulmonary edema, N&V, coagulopathy, myalgia, shock,
fatigue, renal failure, hepatosplenomegaly, metabolic acidosis, tachypnea, hypoglycemia
3rd generation cephalosporins cover which organisms? - ANSWER Gram Positive,
HENPEK, Serratia, Ceftazidime also covers pseudomonas
Review the signs & symptoms, course, and treatment for the 2 organisms causing toxic shock.
Which is worse? - ANSWER Early symptoms = pain is the most common initial symptom,
fever/hypothermia, confusion, soft tissue infection, positive blood culture (60%), or rash
S. pyogenes causes hypotension- 2 of the following: renal dysfunction, coagulopathy, ARDS,
tissue necrosis, erythematous rash, skin desquamation 10-14 days after onset, high mortality,
Tx with supportive care, clindamycin and debridement;
S. aureus- fever, hypotention and rash -involvement of 3 or more organ systems, Absence of
rocky mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, measles, mono, or syphilis. High morbidity. Treat
with supportive care, nafcillin, (vancomycin for MRSA) and debridement
1
,State one major pediatric theorist for each of the following: Psychosocial, cognitive and moral
development - ANSWER Psychosocial: Erickson
Cognitive: Piaget
Moral: Kohlberg
At what age should children first be able to combine words? - ANSWER 18 months
Erikson's stage of Industry vs. inferiortiy coincides with which Piaget stage? -
ANSWER Concrete Operations
What are the adverse effects of ginkgo biloba? - ANSWER Bleeding events r/t inhibition
of platelet activating factor, subdural hematoma, cerebral hemorrhage, hyphema and post-op
bleeding complications, increased CBF may result in increased ICP, may potentiate
anticoagulation
What is St. John's Wort used for and what are the adverse effects? - ANSWER Used for
mild depresssion, Generally well tolerated, Headache, GI disturbances, Phytophotoxic
dermatitis, Reduces plasma levels of protease inhibitors
Name two classes of medication that can be used as adjuvants to treat pain -
ANSWER Antidepressants or anticonvulsants
Name the 5 cranial nerves important to eating - ANSWER V Trigeminal SM, VII facial SM,
IX Glossopharyngeal SM, X Vagus M, XII Hypoglossal M
Describe Epidural Hemmorhages? - ANSWER Epidural, between inner table of skull and
dura mater, lenticular shape, do not cross hemispheres, often follow middle meningeal artery
tear, period of lucency followed by decreased LOA, emergent surgical evacuation if
symptomatic
2
,Describe Subdural Hemmorhages? - ANSWER Subdural, between dura mater and
arachnoid, may be associated with a skull fracture, often bilateral and will cross hemispheres,
symptoms may be acute or insidious ICP- surgical evacuation if symptomatic
Describe subarchnoid hemmorhage? - ANSWER Subarachnoid, between arachnoid and
pia mater, severe headache and neck pain, surgical evacuation if symptomatic
"Name and describe the type of migraine typical to adolescence? - ANSWER Common
migraine without aura, throbbing or pounding headache that is usually unilateral, may have
nausea and vomiting, often relieved by sleep
Summarize signs and symptoms of depression? - ANSWER Usually coherent and clear
thinking, history of deterioration of scoial/school activities, weight gain/loss,
lethargic/apatheticvs anxious with angry outbursts, sleep disturbances, may have suicidal
ideation
Describe pertussis... course, diagnosis and treatment? - ANSWER Course, catarrhal
phase, paroxysmal phase, convelescent phase. May have co-findings of pneumonia, otits,
seizures or encephalitis
Diagnosis- Lymphocytosis, Bordetella pertussis, a coccobacillus.
Treatment erythromycin
Review the signs, symptoms , and etiology of Guillain-Barre vs. Botulism -
ANSWER Guillain-Barre' -- May follow non specific viral infection or commonly,
Campylobacter, Landry's ascending. Paralysis. CSF in notable for few white cells and high
protein. Botulism- Clostridium botulinum -A gram positive Anaerobe. Rapid descending .
Paralysis. CSF is normal. Avoid antibiotics
" - ANSWER
What is transient tachypnea of the newborn? - ANSWER Usually follows uneventful
deliveries . May be related to slower absorption of fetal lung fluid resulting. Decreased
3
, pulmonary compliance and increased dead space. Usually resolves in approximately 3 days
without therapy.
Review the criteria for ARDS - ANSWER Acute onset of symptoms following, precipitating
infection of insult, frontal chest xray biliateral infiltrates. No clinical evidence of LA HTN, PsO2
to Fio2 ratio </= 200
What are the radiologic findings for asthma? - ANSWER Asthma, flattened diaphragm,
narrow cardiac silhouette, hyperinflation, narrow cardiac silhouette, peribronchial thickening,
subsegmental atelectasis
Describe methods to treat hyperkalemia - ANSWER Push K into cells- Albuterol,
Insulin/glucose, Sodium bicarbonate - Remove K- Kayexalate, dialysis; Stabilize cardiac cell
membrane- Ca chloride
What is the equation to calculate creatinine clearance in children? - ANSWER K x ht
(cm)/serum creatnine - K equals Preemie 0.33, Term 0.45, 2-21yrs female, 0.55 2-21 yrs male
.70
Review the diagnostic criteria, treatment, and followup for urinary tract infection in young
children - ANSWER Diagnostic Criteria- Unexplained fever( 2mos- 2yrs), + nitrite test, +
leukoesterase test, 5 WBC's, Colony coutn > 100,000, Culture of 2 or less organisms;
Oral treatment and followup- Amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, Cephalosporin-Treat for 7-14 days US and
VCUG to follow
Describe the signs and symptoms, lab findings, and treatment for nephrotic syndrome -
ANSWER Signs and symptoms- edema, especially periorbital, HTN, Anorexia, abd. Pain
and or abd distension; Lab findings- Albumin < 2.5, Heavy proteinuria, Cholesterol> 250,
hematuria; Treatment-Steroids- Diuretics- Sodium/fluid restriction, albumin
What are some of the clinical findings with systemic lupus erythematosus? - ANSWER 4
or more of the following are diagnostic, Malar rash of the face, discoir rash, photosensitivity,
oral ulcers usually painless, arthritis in 2 or more joints, pericarditits or effusion, kidney
4
List drug options that will cover a pseudomonas - ANSWER Ceftazidime, cefipime,
Pipercillin/ticarcillin, Meropenem, imipenem,aztreonam, Flouroquinolones, Aminoglycosides
Describe the differences in CSF findings between bacterial, viral, & herpes meningitis -
ANSWER Bacterial- Decreased glucose and highly Increased WBC, Lactate, protein: Diff-
PMN
Viral- Glucose normal and lactate normal or decreased, protein and WBC mildly increased. DIff
PMN first than monos
Herpes- Glucose normal, protein and WBC increased, Diff PMN than monos, RBC >1000 in
absence of traumatic tap.
List signs & symptoms of malaria - ANSWER Fever, CNS dysfunction, anemia,
hemoglobinuria, sweats, chills, HA, pulmonary edema, N&V, coagulopathy, myalgia, shock,
fatigue, renal failure, hepatosplenomegaly, metabolic acidosis, tachypnea, hypoglycemia
3rd generation cephalosporins cover which organisms? - ANSWER Gram Positive,
HENPEK, Serratia, Ceftazidime also covers pseudomonas
Review the signs & symptoms, course, and treatment for the 2 organisms causing toxic shock.
Which is worse? - ANSWER Early symptoms = pain is the most common initial symptom,
fever/hypothermia, confusion, soft tissue infection, positive blood culture (60%), or rash
S. pyogenes causes hypotension- 2 of the following: renal dysfunction, coagulopathy, ARDS,
tissue necrosis, erythematous rash, skin desquamation 10-14 days after onset, high mortality,
Tx with supportive care, clindamycin and debridement;
S. aureus- fever, hypotention and rash -involvement of 3 or more organ systems, Absence of
rocky mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, measles, mono, or syphilis. High morbidity. Treat
with supportive care, nafcillin, (vancomycin for MRSA) and debridement
1
,State one major pediatric theorist for each of the following: Psychosocial, cognitive and moral
development - ANSWER Psychosocial: Erickson
Cognitive: Piaget
Moral: Kohlberg
At what age should children first be able to combine words? - ANSWER 18 months
Erikson's stage of Industry vs. inferiortiy coincides with which Piaget stage? -
ANSWER Concrete Operations
What are the adverse effects of ginkgo biloba? - ANSWER Bleeding events r/t inhibition
of platelet activating factor, subdural hematoma, cerebral hemorrhage, hyphema and post-op
bleeding complications, increased CBF may result in increased ICP, may potentiate
anticoagulation
What is St. John's Wort used for and what are the adverse effects? - ANSWER Used for
mild depresssion, Generally well tolerated, Headache, GI disturbances, Phytophotoxic
dermatitis, Reduces plasma levels of protease inhibitors
Name two classes of medication that can be used as adjuvants to treat pain -
ANSWER Antidepressants or anticonvulsants
Name the 5 cranial nerves important to eating - ANSWER V Trigeminal SM, VII facial SM,
IX Glossopharyngeal SM, X Vagus M, XII Hypoglossal M
Describe Epidural Hemmorhages? - ANSWER Epidural, between inner table of skull and
dura mater, lenticular shape, do not cross hemispheres, often follow middle meningeal artery
tear, period of lucency followed by decreased LOA, emergent surgical evacuation if
symptomatic
2
,Describe Subdural Hemmorhages? - ANSWER Subdural, between dura mater and
arachnoid, may be associated with a skull fracture, often bilateral and will cross hemispheres,
symptoms may be acute or insidious ICP- surgical evacuation if symptomatic
Describe subarchnoid hemmorhage? - ANSWER Subarachnoid, between arachnoid and
pia mater, severe headache and neck pain, surgical evacuation if symptomatic
"Name and describe the type of migraine typical to adolescence? - ANSWER Common
migraine without aura, throbbing or pounding headache that is usually unilateral, may have
nausea and vomiting, often relieved by sleep
Summarize signs and symptoms of depression? - ANSWER Usually coherent and clear
thinking, history of deterioration of scoial/school activities, weight gain/loss,
lethargic/apatheticvs anxious with angry outbursts, sleep disturbances, may have suicidal
ideation
Describe pertussis... course, diagnosis and treatment? - ANSWER Course, catarrhal
phase, paroxysmal phase, convelescent phase. May have co-findings of pneumonia, otits,
seizures or encephalitis
Diagnosis- Lymphocytosis, Bordetella pertussis, a coccobacillus.
Treatment erythromycin
Review the signs, symptoms , and etiology of Guillain-Barre vs. Botulism -
ANSWER Guillain-Barre' -- May follow non specific viral infection or commonly,
Campylobacter, Landry's ascending. Paralysis. CSF in notable for few white cells and high
protein. Botulism- Clostridium botulinum -A gram positive Anaerobe. Rapid descending .
Paralysis. CSF is normal. Avoid antibiotics
" - ANSWER
What is transient tachypnea of the newborn? - ANSWER Usually follows uneventful
deliveries . May be related to slower absorption of fetal lung fluid resulting. Decreased
3
, pulmonary compliance and increased dead space. Usually resolves in approximately 3 days
without therapy.
Review the criteria for ARDS - ANSWER Acute onset of symptoms following, precipitating
infection of insult, frontal chest xray biliateral infiltrates. No clinical evidence of LA HTN, PsO2
to Fio2 ratio </= 200
What are the radiologic findings for asthma? - ANSWER Asthma, flattened diaphragm,
narrow cardiac silhouette, hyperinflation, narrow cardiac silhouette, peribronchial thickening,
subsegmental atelectasis
Describe methods to treat hyperkalemia - ANSWER Push K into cells- Albuterol,
Insulin/glucose, Sodium bicarbonate - Remove K- Kayexalate, dialysis; Stabilize cardiac cell
membrane- Ca chloride
What is the equation to calculate creatinine clearance in children? - ANSWER K x ht
(cm)/serum creatnine - K equals Preemie 0.33, Term 0.45, 2-21yrs female, 0.55 2-21 yrs male
.70
Review the diagnostic criteria, treatment, and followup for urinary tract infection in young
children - ANSWER Diagnostic Criteria- Unexplained fever( 2mos- 2yrs), + nitrite test, +
leukoesterase test, 5 WBC's, Colony coutn > 100,000, Culture of 2 or less organisms;
Oral treatment and followup- Amoxicillin, TMP/SMX, Cephalosporin-Treat for 7-14 days US and
VCUG to follow
Describe the signs and symptoms, lab findings, and treatment for nephrotic syndrome -
ANSWER Signs and symptoms- edema, especially periorbital, HTN, Anorexia, abd. Pain
and or abd distension; Lab findings- Albumin < 2.5, Heavy proteinuria, Cholesterol> 250,
hematuria; Treatment-Steroids- Diuretics- Sodium/fluid restriction, albumin
What are some of the clinical findings with systemic lupus erythematosus? - ANSWER 4
or more of the following are diagnostic, Malar rash of the face, discoir rash, photosensitivity,
oral ulcers usually painless, arthritis in 2 or more joints, pericarditits or effusion, kidney
4
