NSG-530 QUIZ 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
alveoli epithelial cells - ANSWER-Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure)
Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system?
A.Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
C.The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. - ANSWER-Correct Answer: D
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located between
the lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three
lobes, and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center - ANSWER-•Dorsal and ventral respiratory
groups
•Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors - ANSWER-•Irritant receptors
•Stretch receptors
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors: - ANSWER-Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration - ANSWER-Diaphragm
External intercostals
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration - ANSWER-
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle
ØScalene muscles
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport - ANSWER-Four steps
ØVentilation of the lungs
ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood
ØPerfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells
Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which
disease is associated with this condition?
, A.Cystic fibrosis
B.Acute pneumonia
C.Sickle cell disease
D.Acute myocardial infarction - ANSWER-A
This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of
the finger. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as
bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart
disease.
Open pneumothorax - ANSWER-An open wound to the chest that allows air to enter the
pleural space and cause lung collapse
tension pneumothorax - ANSWER-a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the
pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the
heart and great vessels.
Spontaneous (primary) pneumothorax - ANSWER-Occurs in the absence of a traumatic
injury to the chest or a known lung disease
secondary pneumothorax - ANSWER-Underlying lung disease leads to weakened small
airways which collapse with respirations.
Pleural effusion - ANSWER-fluid in pleural space
ØTransudative (watery)
ØExudative (WBCs and plasma proteins)
ØHemothorax (blood)
ØEmpyema (pus)
Chylothorax (chyle)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER-ØAcute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury that results from injury or severe inflammation
•Bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph
•Low ratio of PaO2 to FiO2
ØThree phases:
•Exudative (within 72 hours)
•Proliferative (4 to 21 days)
•Fibrotic (14 to 21 days)
3.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of asthma?
A.IgA is the major factor.
B.There is decreased vascular permeability.
C.Inflammation results in hyperresponsiveness.
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
alveoli epithelial cells - ANSWER-Type I alveolar cells (alveolar structure)
Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system?
A.Each lobe is divided into bronchi.
B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes.
C.The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.
D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. - ANSWER-Correct Answer: D
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located between
the lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three
lobes, and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
Neurochemical control: Respiratory center - ANSWER-•Dorsal and ventral respiratory
groups
•Pneumotaxic and apneustic centers
Neurochemical control: Lung receptors - ANSWER-•Irritant receptors
•Stretch receptors
Neurochemical control: Chemoreceptors: - ANSWER-Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Muscles of Breathing: Major muscles of inspiration - ANSWER-Diaphragm
External intercostals
Muscles of Breathing: Accessory muscles of inspiration - ANSWER-
ØSternocleidomastoid muscle
ØScalene muscles
Mechanics of Breathing: Gas Transport - ANSWER-Four steps
ØVentilation of the lungs
ØDiffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the capillary blood
ØPerfusion of systemic capillaries with oxygenated blood
ØDiffusion of oxygen from systemic capillaries into the cells
Diffusion of CO2 occurs in reverse order
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which
disease is associated with this condition?
, A.Cystic fibrosis
B.Acute pneumonia
C.Sickle cell disease
D.Acute myocardial infarction - ANSWER-A
This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of
the finger. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as
bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart
disease.
Open pneumothorax - ANSWER-An open wound to the chest that allows air to enter the
pleural space and cause lung collapse
tension pneumothorax - ANSWER-a pneumothorax with rapid accumulation of air in the
pleural space causing severely high intrapleural pressures with resultant tension on the
heart and great vessels.
Spontaneous (primary) pneumothorax - ANSWER-Occurs in the absence of a traumatic
injury to the chest or a known lung disease
secondary pneumothorax - ANSWER-Underlying lung disease leads to weakened small
airways which collapse with respirations.
Pleural effusion - ANSWER-fluid in pleural space
ØTransudative (watery)
ØExudative (WBCs and plasma proteins)
ØHemothorax (blood)
ØEmpyema (pus)
Chylothorax (chyle)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANSWER-ØAcute lung inflammation and
diffuse alveolocapillary injury that results from injury or severe inflammation
•Bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph
•Low ratio of PaO2 to FiO2
ØThree phases:
•Exudative (within 72 hours)
•Proliferative (4 to 21 days)
•Fibrotic (14 to 21 days)
3.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of asthma?
A.IgA is the major factor.
B.There is decreased vascular permeability.
C.Inflammation results in hyperresponsiveness.
