NSG 530 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to
multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWER-Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANSWER-Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANSWER-small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of the
kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER-rare and primarily arises in the renal
parenchyma and renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER-a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is
often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in
older men. Gross painless hematuria
Gomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that
occurs independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an acute
infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys
that results from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-Hematuria with red blood cell casts,
proteinuria with albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-- membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER-loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually
albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER-Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANSWER-congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is
on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANSWER-Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
Chordee - ANSWER-a downward curvature of the penis, often associated with
hypospadias
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - ANSWER-A rapidly developing malignancy of the
kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5. Normally found by parents due to
swelling.
PCOS diagnosis - ANSWER-Have to have two of the following:
-Irregular ovulation
-Elevated levels of androgen
-Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - ANSWER-An endocrine disorder associated with
chronic anovulation, most common in young women (teens to twenties). High LH/FSH
ratio in blood; A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the
outer edges.
secondary stage of syphilis - ANSWER-Skin rashes and/or sores in the mouth, vagina,
or anus. A rash that appears on the soles of the feet or palms. Fever, swollen lymph
nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
Latent syphilis - ANSWER-the third stage of syphilis, which may last for years, during
which symptoms disappear although the person is still infected
Tertiary syphilis - ANSWER-Damages internal organs and can result in death if not
treated
Ghonnorea - ANSWER-Infects the mucus membrane of the reproductive tract including
the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women. The urethra can be affected in women
and men
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to
multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWER-Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANSWER-Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANSWER-small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of the
kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER-rare and primarily arises in the renal
parenchyma and renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER-a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is
often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in
older men. Gross painless hematuria
Gomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that
occurs independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an acute
infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys
that results from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-Hematuria with red blood cell casts,
proteinuria with albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER-- membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy
, Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER-loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually
albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER-Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANSWER-congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is
on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANSWER-Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
Chordee - ANSWER-a downward curvature of the penis, often associated with
hypospadias
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - ANSWER-A rapidly developing malignancy of the
kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5. Normally found by parents due to
swelling.
PCOS diagnosis - ANSWER-Have to have two of the following:
-Irregular ovulation
-Elevated levels of androgen
-Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - ANSWER-An endocrine disorder associated with
chronic anovulation, most common in young women (teens to twenties). High LH/FSH
ratio in blood; A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the
outer edges.
secondary stage of syphilis - ANSWER-Skin rashes and/or sores in the mouth, vagina,
or anus. A rash that appears on the soles of the feet or palms. Fever, swollen lymph
nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
Latent syphilis - ANSWER-the third stage of syphilis, which may last for years, during
which symptoms disappear although the person is still infected
Tertiary syphilis - ANSWER-Damages internal organs and can result in death if not
treated
Ghonnorea - ANSWER-Infects the mucus membrane of the reproductive tract including
the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women. The urethra can be affected in women
and men
