BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology questions and answers
How many electrons can an s subshell hold? - (answer)2
How many electrons can a p subshell hold? - (answer)6
How many electrons can a d subshell hold? - (answer)10
Which subshells are available in the first energy level? - (answer)s
Which subshells are available in the second energy level? - (answer)s and p
Which subshells are available in the third energy level? - (answer)s, p and d
What is Hund's rule? (Think bus seats!) - (answer)Orbitals must all be singly filled before they can be
doubly occupied
Which elements do not fill the 4s subshell before the 3d subshell? - (answer)Copper and chromium
Define the term ionic bond - (answer)The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the charge of an ion from group 1? - (answer)+1
What is the charge of an ion from group 2? - (answer)+2
What is the charge of an ion from group 6? - (answer)-2
What is the charge of an ion from group 7? - (answer)-1
,BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology questions and answers
Explain how atoms of sodium react with atoms of chlorine - (answer)Na loses its 2s1 electron gaining a
+ve charge.
Cl gains an electron in the 3p subshell gaining a -ve charge.
The opposite charges attract to form NaCl
Why do ionic bonds have such high melting points? - (answer)Each +ve ion is surrounded by 6 -ve ions
and vice versa.
Strong electrostatic attraction in every direction.
Requires a large amount of energy to break
State two factors that affect the strength of an ionic bond - (answer)Size of ion and charge on ion
When can ionic substances conduct electricity? - (answer)When molten or in aqueous solution
Describe the properties of ionic compounds - (answer)Conduct electricity when molten or aqueous
solution
High melting/boiling points
Usually soluble in water
Define the term covalent bond - (answer)A shared pair of electrons
Which metals lose electrons from the 4s subshell before the 3d subshell? - (answer)Transition metals
Why do metals have such high melting points? - (answer)Strong force of attraction between positive
ions and delocalised electrons. This requires a large amount of energy to overcome.
State the two factors that affect the strength of metallic bonding - (answer)Size of ion
Charge on ion
, BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology questions and answers
Explain how the charge on metal ions affects the strength of the metallic bond - (answer)The larger the
+ve charge the greater the attraction between the nucleus and the delocalised electrons
Explain how the size of the metal ions affects the strength of the metallic bond - (answer)The smaller
the +ve ion the closer the nucleus is to the delocalised electrons creating a greater attraction
Explain why metals conduct electricity - (answer)The delocalised electrons 'carry' charge. Current flows
because of this.
Explain why metals conduct heat - (answer)Particles are paced tightly so kinetic energy is passed from
ion to ion. The delocalised electrons also enable heat to be passed.
Explain why metals are ductile and malleable - (answer)The lattice structure allows layers of metal ions
to slide over each other without disrupting bonding
Name the 3 forces between molecules - (answer)Van der Waals
Permanent dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonds
Order the 3 forces between molecules in order of strongest to weakest - (answer)Hydrogen bonds
Permanent dipole-dipole
Van der Waals
How are Van der Waal's forces formed? - (answer)Electrons move to one side, caused temporary dipole.
This induces a temporary dipole in neighbouring molecules. Attraction occurs between oppositely
charged dipoles
In what molecules do Van der Waal's forces exist? - (answer)Non-polar molecules
How many electrons can an s subshell hold? - (answer)2
How many electrons can a p subshell hold? - (answer)6
How many electrons can a d subshell hold? - (answer)10
Which subshells are available in the first energy level? - (answer)s
Which subshells are available in the second energy level? - (answer)s and p
Which subshells are available in the third energy level? - (answer)s, p and d
What is Hund's rule? (Think bus seats!) - (answer)Orbitals must all be singly filled before they can be
doubly occupied
Which elements do not fill the 4s subshell before the 3d subshell? - (answer)Copper and chromium
Define the term ionic bond - (answer)The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the charge of an ion from group 1? - (answer)+1
What is the charge of an ion from group 2? - (answer)+2
What is the charge of an ion from group 6? - (answer)-2
What is the charge of an ion from group 7? - (answer)-1
,BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology questions and answers
Explain how atoms of sodium react with atoms of chlorine - (answer)Na loses its 2s1 electron gaining a
+ve charge.
Cl gains an electron in the 3p subshell gaining a -ve charge.
The opposite charges attract to form NaCl
Why do ionic bonds have such high melting points? - (answer)Each +ve ion is surrounded by 6 -ve ions
and vice versa.
Strong electrostatic attraction in every direction.
Requires a large amount of energy to break
State two factors that affect the strength of an ionic bond - (answer)Size of ion and charge on ion
When can ionic substances conduct electricity? - (answer)When molten or in aqueous solution
Describe the properties of ionic compounds - (answer)Conduct electricity when molten or aqueous
solution
High melting/boiling points
Usually soluble in water
Define the term covalent bond - (answer)A shared pair of electrons
Which metals lose electrons from the 4s subshell before the 3d subshell? - (answer)Transition metals
Why do metals have such high melting points? - (answer)Strong force of attraction between positive
ions and delocalised electrons. This requires a large amount of energy to overcome.
State the two factors that affect the strength of metallic bonding - (answer)Size of ion
Charge on ion
, BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology questions and answers
Explain how the charge on metal ions affects the strength of the metallic bond - (answer)The larger the
+ve charge the greater the attraction between the nucleus and the delocalised electrons
Explain how the size of the metal ions affects the strength of the metallic bond - (answer)The smaller
the +ve ion the closer the nucleus is to the delocalised electrons creating a greater attraction
Explain why metals conduct electricity - (answer)The delocalised electrons 'carry' charge. Current flows
because of this.
Explain why metals conduct heat - (answer)Particles are paced tightly so kinetic energy is passed from
ion to ion. The delocalised electrons also enable heat to be passed.
Explain why metals are ductile and malleable - (answer)The lattice structure allows layers of metal ions
to slide over each other without disrupting bonding
Name the 3 forces between molecules - (answer)Van der Waals
Permanent dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonds
Order the 3 forces between molecules in order of strongest to weakest - (answer)Hydrogen bonds
Permanent dipole-dipole
Van der Waals
How are Van der Waal's forces formed? - (answer)Electrons move to one side, caused temporary dipole.
This induces a temporary dipole in neighbouring molecules. Attraction occurs between oppositely
charged dipoles
In what molecules do Van der Waal's forces exist? - (answer)Non-polar molecules
