|||\\\
NU676 Exam Two with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
substance dependence - correct answer✔✔any use that imparts significant disability and |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
warrants treatment |||\\\
at risk use: - correct answer✔✔any use of a substance at a quantity or frequency greater than
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
a recommended level.
|||\\\ |||\\\
recommended upper limit of alcohol consumption for older adults - correct answer✔✔no |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
more than an average of one standard drink per day and no more than two episodes of binge
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
drinking (4+ drinks/day) during a 3 month period. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
low-risk risk or moderate use: - correct answer✔✔alcohol use that falls within the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
recommended guidelines for consumption and is not associated with problems. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
abstinence - correct answer✔✔no alcohol in the previous year |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
heavy drinking - correct answer✔✔a minimum of 12-21 drinks/week
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
alcohol related dementia - correct answer✔✔1) clinically evident dementia at least 60 days
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
after last alcohol use |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2) a history of significant use for at least 5 years
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3) the occurrence of this period of significant use within 3 years of the onset of cognitive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
deficits
fatal alcohol withdrawal symptoms - correct answer✔✔tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
delirium, psychosis, seizures
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,|||\\\
mistreatment - correct answer✔✔intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
of harm (whether or not harm is intended) to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or another
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
person who stands in a trusted relationship to the elder |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
OSA - correct answer✔✔the coexistence of unexplained excessive daytime sleepiness with at
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
least 5 obstructed breathing events (apnea or hypoapnea) per hour of sleep
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
apnea - correct answer✔✔breathing pause 10 seconds or more |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypoapnea - correct answer✔✔event 10 seconds or more where ventilation is <50% of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
previous baseline during sleep |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
risk factors for OSA - correct answer✔✔Men>Women
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Obesity (BMI >30) |||\\\ |||\\\
Fat in the neck (men with a neck size > 17 in. and women with a neck size > 15 in.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Upper airway anatomy |||\\\ |||\\\
Genetic factors |||\\\
Endocrine disorders (acromegaly, hypothyroidism) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Substances that decrease upper airway muscle tone (alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
STOP-BANG questionnaire - correct answer✔✔eight parameters: Snoring, Tired, Observed |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stopping breathing during sleep, high blood Pressure, BMI (>35), Age (>50 years), Neck |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
circumference (>40 cm), and Gender (male) -- 3 or more = high risk of OSA |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - correct answer✔✔0-7 normal, 8-9 average amount of daytime |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
sleepiness, 10-15 excessively sleepy depending on situation, 16-24 excessively sleepy |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, |||\\\
Mild OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 5-14/hr
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Moderate OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 15-30/hr |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Severe OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI >30/hr |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Treatment of OSA - correct answer✔✔Life style changes and CPAP (raises intraluminal airway
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pressure)
(weight loss at least 10%, avoidance of alcohol/sedatives before bedtime, lateral sleeping
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
position
Consequences of OSA if left untreated - correct answer✔✔Risk of vehicular crash |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hypertension
MI
arrhythmias
stroke
pulmonary HTN |||\\\
right-sided heart failure |||\\\ |||\\\
HIV - correct answer✔✔attack on the body's immune system, specifically CD4 cells, making a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
person more prone to infections or infection related cancers
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hallmark of HIV - correct answer✔✔a profound immunodeficiency resulting primarily in a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
progressive deficiency of helper T-cells, which are found on the surface of the CD4+ molecule |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
AIDS - correct answer✔✔CD4+ T cell count <200
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
NU676 Exam Two with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
substance dependence - correct answer✔✔any use that imparts significant disability and |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
warrants treatment |||\\\
at risk use: - correct answer✔✔any use of a substance at a quantity or frequency greater than
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
a recommended level.
|||\\\ |||\\\
recommended upper limit of alcohol consumption for older adults - correct answer✔✔no |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
more than an average of one standard drink per day and no more than two episodes of binge
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
drinking (4+ drinks/day) during a 3 month period. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
low-risk risk or moderate use: - correct answer✔✔alcohol use that falls within the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
recommended guidelines for consumption and is not associated with problems. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
abstinence - correct answer✔✔no alcohol in the previous year |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
heavy drinking - correct answer✔✔a minimum of 12-21 drinks/week
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
alcohol related dementia - correct answer✔✔1) clinically evident dementia at least 60 days
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
after last alcohol use |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
2) a history of significant use for at least 5 years
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
3) the occurrence of this period of significant use within 3 years of the onset of cognitive
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
deficits
fatal alcohol withdrawal symptoms - correct answer✔✔tachycardia, diaphoresis, hypertension,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
delirium, psychosis, seizures
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,|||\\\
mistreatment - correct answer✔✔intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
of harm (whether or not harm is intended) to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or another
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
person who stands in a trusted relationship to the elder |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
OSA - correct answer✔✔the coexistence of unexplained excessive daytime sleepiness with at
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
least 5 obstructed breathing events (apnea or hypoapnea) per hour of sleep
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
apnea - correct answer✔✔breathing pause 10 seconds or more |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hypoapnea - correct answer✔✔event 10 seconds or more where ventilation is <50% of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
previous baseline during sleep |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
risk factors for OSA - correct answer✔✔Men>Women
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Obesity (BMI >30) |||\\\ |||\\\
Fat in the neck (men with a neck size > 17 in. and women with a neck size > 15 in.)
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Upper airway anatomy |||\\\ |||\\\
Genetic factors |||\\\
Endocrine disorders (acromegaly, hypothyroidism) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Substances that decrease upper airway muscle tone (alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
STOP-BANG questionnaire - correct answer✔✔eight parameters: Snoring, Tired, Observed |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stopping breathing during sleep, high blood Pressure, BMI (>35), Age (>50 years), Neck |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
circumference (>40 cm), and Gender (male) -- 3 or more = high risk of OSA |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - correct answer✔✔0-7 normal, 8-9 average amount of daytime |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
sleepiness, 10-15 excessively sleepy depending on situation, 16-24 excessively sleepy |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, |||\\\
Mild OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 5-14/hr
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Moderate OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 15-30/hr |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Severe OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI >30/hr |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Treatment of OSA - correct answer✔✔Life style changes and CPAP (raises intraluminal airway
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pressure)
(weight loss at least 10%, avoidance of alcohol/sedatives before bedtime, lateral sleeping
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
position
Consequences of OSA if left untreated - correct answer✔✔Risk of vehicular crash |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hypertension
MI
arrhythmias
stroke
pulmonary HTN |||\\\
right-sided heart failure |||\\\ |||\\\
HIV - correct answer✔✔attack on the body's immune system, specifically CD4 cells, making a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
person more prone to infections or infection related cancers
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hallmark of HIV - correct answer✔✔a profound immunodeficiency resulting primarily in a
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
progressive deficiency of helper T-cells, which are found on the surface of the CD4+ molecule |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
AIDS - correct answer✔✔CD4+ T cell count <200
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
