Cell Biology
Theory of Endosymbiosis - (answer)Eukaryotic cells emerged when mitochondria and chloroplasts, once
free-living prokaryotes, took up permanent residence inside other larger cells, about 1.5 billion years
ago.
Eukaryotic Cell - (answer)A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell - (answer)A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Nucleolus - (answer)Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Ribosomes - (answer)Makes proteins
Peroxisomes - (answer)Organelles in both plants and animals that break down peroxide, a toxic
byproduct of cell respiration
Nucleus - (answer)Contains DNA
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized,
calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
Golgi Apparatus - (answer)A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by
the cell
Lysosomes - (answer)An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Mitochondria - (answer)An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration;
uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP
, Cell Biology
Nuclear Envelope - (answer)A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
Chromatin - (answer)DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where
many proteins for transport are assembled.
Apoptosis - (answer)Programmed cell death
Vacuoles - (answer)Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
Chloroplast - (answer)An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Cytoskeleton - (answer)A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
Microtubules - (answer)A hollow rod of the protein tubulin in the cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells that
make up cilia, flagella, spindle fibers, and other cytoskeletal structures of cells
Microfilaments - (answer)Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
Cleavage Furrow - (answer)The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell
surface near the old metaphase plate.
Cell Wall - (answer)A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other
organisms.
Cellulose - (answer)Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
Theory of Endosymbiosis - (answer)Eukaryotic cells emerged when mitochondria and chloroplasts, once
free-living prokaryotes, took up permanent residence inside other larger cells, about 1.5 billion years
ago.
Eukaryotic Cell - (answer)A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles. Organisms with eukaryotic cells (protists, plants, fungi, and animals) are called eukaryotes.
Prokaryotic Cell - (answer)A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed
organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Nucleolus - (answer)Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
Ribosomes - (answer)Makes proteins
Peroxisomes - (answer)Organelles in both plants and animals that break down peroxide, a toxic
byproduct of cell respiration
Nucleus - (answer)Contains DNA
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized,
calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.
Golgi Apparatus - (answer)A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by
the cell
Lysosomes - (answer)An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Mitochondria - (answer)An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration;
uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP
, Cell Biology
Nuclear Envelope - (answer)A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
Chromatin - (answer)DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - (answer)An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where
many proteins for transport are assembled.
Apoptosis - (answer)Programmed cell death
Vacuoles - (answer)Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
Chloroplast - (answer)An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Cytoskeleton - (answer)A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape,
and aids in movement
Microtubules - (answer)A hollow rod of the protein tubulin in the cytoplasm of all eukaryote cells that
make up cilia, flagella, spindle fibers, and other cytoskeletal structures of cells
Microfilaments - (answer)Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
Cleavage Furrow - (answer)The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell
surface near the old metaphase plate.
Cell Wall - (answer)A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other
organisms.
Cellulose - (answer)Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.
