A&P Gross Anatomy of the Spinal cord exam Questions & 100% Verified Answer
identify and describe the region of the brain with the greatest evolutionary change - (answer)cerebral
cortex (the outermost layer of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions such as thinking
and reasoning)
list the 3 developmental regions of the brain and identify the major areas of the adult brain that arise
from each region - (answer)forebrain (cerebral cortex), midbrain (structures vital for sensory and motor
functions), and hindbrain (cerebellum and medulla oblongata)
similarities between gray and white matter - (answer)both in the CNS, both are composed of neurons
and glial cells.
differences between gray and white matter - (answer)gray matter:
darker in color. composed of neurons, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. where info processing and
integration occurs in brain. found on surface of brain. [where thinking and processing happens]
white matter:
lighter in color. composed of myelinated axons. communication network of brain (allows different parts
of brain to communicate with each other). located inside the brain. [acts as the brain's "wiring" for
transmitting signals]
identify the structures and the function of structures that protect the brain - (answer)meninges (three
layers of membranes that surround brain and spinal cord), CSF (cushions brain and helps absorb shock),
and blood-brain barrier (system of capillaries and cells that control the entry of substances from the
bloodstream into the brain)
[CSF] describe the production, circulation, and reabsorption into the bloodstream - (answer)production:
produced in choroid plexus (network of specialized cells, that filter and secrete CSF from bloodstream, in
brain's ventricles)
circulation:
circulates through the ventricles of the brain, fills the brain's cavities, and surrounds the spinal cord
, A&P Gross Anatomy of the Spinal cord exam Questions & 100% Verified Answer
reabsorption:
after circulating it's reabsorbed into the bloodstream through structures called arachnoid villi
[CSF] describe the composition and functions - (answer)composition:
water -> protection
glucose -> provides energy
proteins -> stability and protection
lactic acid -> a marker for metabolic changes
cations (Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+) and anions (HCO3, Cl)-> maintain electrical balance and osmotic pressure
lymphocytes -> immune protection
[BBB] describe the formation of the structural basis for the blood-brain barrier - (answer)astrocytes
(regulates by releasing chemicals that control permeability), capillary endothelium tight junctions
(creates a nearly impermeable barrier), continuous basement membrane (additional barrier)
[BBB] describe the importance of the brain-blood barrier - (answer)protection (prevents harmful
substances in the bloodstream from entering the brain) AND regulation (regulates nutrients, ions, and
essential substances in the brain)
[BBB] identify what can and can't get through the BBB - (answer)can:
lipid-soluble compounds (oxygen, carbon dioxide, steroids, prostaglandins, and small alcohols)
can't:
identify and describe the region of the brain with the greatest evolutionary change - (answer)cerebral
cortex (the outermost layer of the brain and is responsible for higher-level functions such as thinking
and reasoning)
list the 3 developmental regions of the brain and identify the major areas of the adult brain that arise
from each region - (answer)forebrain (cerebral cortex), midbrain (structures vital for sensory and motor
functions), and hindbrain (cerebellum and medulla oblongata)
similarities between gray and white matter - (answer)both in the CNS, both are composed of neurons
and glial cells.
differences between gray and white matter - (answer)gray matter:
darker in color. composed of neurons, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. where info processing and
integration occurs in brain. found on surface of brain. [where thinking and processing happens]
white matter:
lighter in color. composed of myelinated axons. communication network of brain (allows different parts
of brain to communicate with each other). located inside the brain. [acts as the brain's "wiring" for
transmitting signals]
identify the structures and the function of structures that protect the brain - (answer)meninges (three
layers of membranes that surround brain and spinal cord), CSF (cushions brain and helps absorb shock),
and blood-brain barrier (system of capillaries and cells that control the entry of substances from the
bloodstream into the brain)
[CSF] describe the production, circulation, and reabsorption into the bloodstream - (answer)production:
produced in choroid plexus (network of specialized cells, that filter and secrete CSF from bloodstream, in
brain's ventricles)
circulation:
circulates through the ventricles of the brain, fills the brain's cavities, and surrounds the spinal cord
, A&P Gross Anatomy of the Spinal cord exam Questions & 100% Verified Answer
reabsorption:
after circulating it's reabsorbed into the bloodstream through structures called arachnoid villi
[CSF] describe the composition and functions - (answer)composition:
water -> protection
glucose -> provides energy
proteins -> stability and protection
lactic acid -> a marker for metabolic changes
cations (Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+) and anions (HCO3, Cl)-> maintain electrical balance and osmotic pressure
lymphocytes -> immune protection
[BBB] describe the formation of the structural basis for the blood-brain barrier - (answer)astrocytes
(regulates by releasing chemicals that control permeability), capillary endothelium tight junctions
(creates a nearly impermeable barrier), continuous basement membrane (additional barrier)
[BBB] describe the importance of the brain-blood barrier - (answer)protection (prevents harmful
substances in the bloodstream from entering the brain) AND regulation (regulates nutrients, ions, and
essential substances in the brain)
[BBB] identify what can and can't get through the BBB - (answer)can:
lipid-soluble compounds (oxygen, carbon dioxide, steroids, prostaglandins, and small alcohols)
can't:
