BUS 460 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
problem recognition - Answers Richard realizes he dislikes his laptop
information search - Answers Richard goes online to learn about laptops
evaluation of alternatives - Answers Richard compares models on reputation and features
purchase decision - Answers Richard chooses a laptop with an appealing feature
post-purchase - Answers Richard brings home and enjoys his laptop
decision-making process - Answers 1. problem recognition
2. information search
3. evaluation of alternatives
4. purchase decision
5. post-purchase
extended problem solving - Answers eventual purchase decision is perceived as a risk and/or
highly involving and the consumer collects internal and external research
limited problem solving - Answers more straightforward/simple and lower risk/involvement
(less search and limited shopping time/venues)
habitual decision making - Answers automaticity: choices made with little/no conscious effort
efficient decisions: minimal time/energy
consumers must be convinced to "unfreeze" their former habit and replace it with new one
routine response behavior - Answers the type of decision making exhibited by consumers
buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services; requires little search and decision
time; buy now, evaluate later
need recognition - Answers actual state moves downward (running out of a product, buying a
deficient product, or creating new needs)
opportunity recognition - Answers ideal state moves upward (exposed to different/better quality
products) (standard of comparison)
how marketers can create problems - Answers SHORT ANSWER
1. change/establish ideal - ideals are not constant
2. bring awareness of the actual - inform customers of the way things really are
, 3. create dissatisfaction with the actual
4. make a new actual possible
makes things easier to recall - Answers 1. primacy and recency
2. prototypicality
3. goals and usage situations
4. accessibility
5. diagnosticity
6. brand loyalty
7. vividness/salience
8. retrieval cues
prototypicality - Answers ore likely to remember an object is representative of its category
goals and usage situations - Answers Consumers have goal-derived and usage-specific
categories in memory, such as drinks to bring to the beach, and the activation of these
categories will determine which brands they recall during internal search
accessibility - Answers memories that have stronger links are recalled more easily
diagnosticity - Answers if it helps us to discriminate between objects, we're more likely to recall
it
moderately knowledgeable - Answers the consumers that tend to search more than product
experts and novices
how much and how long we search - Answers depends on:
1. importance of task
2. involvement
3. perceived costs/benefits
4. discrepancy of information
5. expertise
6. availability of information
7. time
problem recognition - Answers Richard realizes he dislikes his laptop
information search - Answers Richard goes online to learn about laptops
evaluation of alternatives - Answers Richard compares models on reputation and features
purchase decision - Answers Richard chooses a laptop with an appealing feature
post-purchase - Answers Richard brings home and enjoys his laptop
decision-making process - Answers 1. problem recognition
2. information search
3. evaluation of alternatives
4. purchase decision
5. post-purchase
extended problem solving - Answers eventual purchase decision is perceived as a risk and/or
highly involving and the consumer collects internal and external research
limited problem solving - Answers more straightforward/simple and lower risk/involvement
(less search and limited shopping time/venues)
habitual decision making - Answers automaticity: choices made with little/no conscious effort
efficient decisions: minimal time/energy
consumers must be convinced to "unfreeze" their former habit and replace it with new one
routine response behavior - Answers the type of decision making exhibited by consumers
buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services; requires little search and decision
time; buy now, evaluate later
need recognition - Answers actual state moves downward (running out of a product, buying a
deficient product, or creating new needs)
opportunity recognition - Answers ideal state moves upward (exposed to different/better quality
products) (standard of comparison)
how marketers can create problems - Answers SHORT ANSWER
1. change/establish ideal - ideals are not constant
2. bring awareness of the actual - inform customers of the way things really are
, 3. create dissatisfaction with the actual
4. make a new actual possible
makes things easier to recall - Answers 1. primacy and recency
2. prototypicality
3. goals and usage situations
4. accessibility
5. diagnosticity
6. brand loyalty
7. vividness/salience
8. retrieval cues
prototypicality - Answers ore likely to remember an object is representative of its category
goals and usage situations - Answers Consumers have goal-derived and usage-specific
categories in memory, such as drinks to bring to the beach, and the activation of these
categories will determine which brands they recall during internal search
accessibility - Answers memories that have stronger links are recalled more easily
diagnosticity - Answers if it helps us to discriminate between objects, we're more likely to recall
it
moderately knowledgeable - Answers the consumers that tend to search more than product
experts and novices
how much and how long we search - Answers depends on:
1. importance of task
2. involvement
3. perceived costs/benefits
4. discrepancy of information
5. expertise
6. availability of information
7. time
