Exam 1- review. Nu-641 Pharmacology questions ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
with verified detailed solutions ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When should thiazides NOT be used?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
if creatinine clearance is less than 30-50 ml/min
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True or False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Thiazide diuretics is a first-line hypertensive agent and will also help to decrease fluid
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
retention.
True
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Cause coronary artery vasodilation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Cause peripheral arterial vasodilation, thus decreasing systemic vascular resistance
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Reduce the workload of the heart ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
(Hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, and Raynaud's) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Examples of CCBs ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, nifedipine ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Indications for Verapamil ||//\\|| ||//\\||
essential HTN, angina (chronic stable, unstable), ventricular rate control in arrhythmia,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
dysrhythmias. ||//\\||
gentamicin side/adverse effects ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What classifies a diagnosis of hypertension
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
2 elevated blood pressures at separate office visits
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
One elevated BP reading does not constitute hypertension
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
(White coat syndrome) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What hypertensive medications work extremely well in the black and elderly white
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
population?
, Thiazide medication. (diuretics) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
This is because these medications have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
this population.
||//\\||
For the black and elderly population, What happens to the body when they are on a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
antihypertensive for 6 months to a year? ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
The body will be seeking homeostasis.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Angiotensin II ||//\\||
increases blood pressure by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb more water and by releasing
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
aldosterone
Vasoconstrictor
What structural changes does angiotensin II do to the heart?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hypertrophy
Remodeling.
True or False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Angiotensin II is NOT responsible for increasing the thickness of blood vessel walls. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
False
Angiotensin II is responsible for increasing the thickness of the vessel walls. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True of False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Aldosterone, like Angiotensin II, causes cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True
What is Aldosterone's effect on the heart
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Activates the sympathetic nervous system but will suppress the uptake of norepinephrine.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When should an ACE inhibitor and ARB not be prescribed together?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When the patient is at high risk for developing vascular events and renal dysfunction.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ACE inhibitors MOA
||//\\|| ||//\\||
Inhibit ACE--> decrease angiotensin II--> decrease GFR (prevent constriction of efferent
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
arteriole) ||//\\||
Increasing levels of renin (loss of feedback) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ACE inhibition--> prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilator)
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
with verified detailed solutions ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When should thiazides NOT be used?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
if creatinine clearance is less than 30-50 ml/min
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True or False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Thiazide diuretics is a first-line hypertensive agent and will also help to decrease fluid
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
retention.
True
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Cause coronary artery vasodilation
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Cause peripheral arterial vasodilation, thus decreasing systemic vascular resistance
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Reduce the workload of the heart ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
(Hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, and Raynaud's) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Examples of CCBs ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, nifedipine ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Indications for Verapamil ||//\\|| ||//\\||
essential HTN, angina (chronic stable, unstable), ventricular rate control in arrhythmia,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
dysrhythmias. ||//\\||
gentamicin side/adverse effects ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hypersensitivity ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What classifies a diagnosis of hypertension
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
2 elevated blood pressures at separate office visits
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
One elevated BP reading does not constitute hypertension
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
(White coat syndrome) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
What hypertensive medications work extremely well in the black and elderly white
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
population?
, Thiazide medication. (diuretics) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
This is because these medications have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
this population.
||//\\||
For the black and elderly population, What happens to the body when they are on a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
antihypertensive for 6 months to a year? ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
The body will be seeking homeostasis.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Angiotensin II ||//\\||
increases blood pressure by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb more water and by releasing
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
aldosterone
Vasoconstrictor
What structural changes does angiotensin II do to the heart?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hypertrophy
Remodeling.
True or False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Angiotensin II is NOT responsible for increasing the thickness of blood vessel walls. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
False
Angiotensin II is responsible for increasing the thickness of the vessel walls. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True of False ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Aldosterone, like Angiotensin II, causes cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
True
What is Aldosterone's effect on the heart
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Activates the sympathetic nervous system but will suppress the uptake of norepinephrine.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When should an ACE inhibitor and ARB not be prescribed together?
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
When the patient is at high risk for developing vascular events and renal dysfunction.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ACE inhibitors MOA
||//\\|| ||//\\||
Inhibit ACE--> decrease angiotensin II--> decrease GFR (prevent constriction of efferent
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
arteriole) ||//\\||
Increasing levels of renin (loss of feedback) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ACE inhibition--> prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilator)
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
