|||\\\
Portage Pathophysiology Module 4 |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Review exam with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the function of blood? - correct answer✔✔Transport materials to and from the body's
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cells.
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - correct answer✔✔Vascular constriction, platelet
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
plug formation, blood coagulation
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - correct answer✔✔Factors II, VII, IX, and X,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prothrombin, and protein C |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - correct answer✔✔The intrinsic and extrinsic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplastin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conversion of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material needed to |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - correct answer✔✔Antithrombin III,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
protein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - correct answer✔✔The collective resistance of all the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
vessels in the peripheral circulation |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - correct answer✔✔Pressure, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
resistance, flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, |||\\\
What is cardiac output? - correct answer✔✔stroke volume x heart rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is preload? - correct answer✔✔end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and represents the volume work of the heart.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is afterload? - correct answer✔✔Afterload is the pressure the heart must generate to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
move blood into the aorta. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is cardiac contractility? - correct answer✔✔ability of the heart to change its force of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an inotrope? - correct answer✔✔An inotropic influence is one that increases the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
strength of the muscular contraction. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is mean arterial pressure? - correct answer✔✔average pressure in the arterial system
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
during ventricular contraction and relaxation. It is a good indicator of tissue perfusion. MAP =
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
CO x PVR |||\\\ |||\\\
What is thrombocytosis? - correct answer✔✔elevated platelet count above 450,000/µL.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the most common causes of inherited disorders of hypercoagulability? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔Factor V gene and prothrombin gene |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are acquired or secondary factors of hypercoagulability that lead to venous stasis? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Prolonged bed rest and immobility, myocardial infarction, cancer,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hyperestrogenic states, oral contraceptives, smoking, and obesity |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Portage Pathophysiology Module 4 |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Review exam with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the function of blood? - correct answer✔✔Transport materials to and from the body's
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cells.
What are the three stages of hemostasis? - correct answer✔✔Vascular constriction, platelet
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
plug formation, blood coagulation
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? - correct answer✔✔Factors II, VII, IX, and X,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prothrombin, and protein C |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. - correct answer✔✔The intrinsic and extrinsic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplastin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conversion of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material needed to |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? - correct answer✔✔Antithrombin III,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
protein C, protein S, warfarin, heparin, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is peripheral vascular resistance? - correct answer✔✔The collective resistance of all the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
vessels in the peripheral circulation |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? - correct answer✔✔Pressure, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
resistance, flow, radius, blood viscosity, compliance, wall tension |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, |||\\\
What is cardiac output? - correct answer✔✔stroke volume x heart rate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is preload? - correct answer✔✔end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
and represents the volume work of the heart.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is afterload? - correct answer✔✔Afterload is the pressure the heart must generate to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
move blood into the aorta. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is cardiac contractility? - correct answer✔✔ability of the heart to change its force of
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is an inotrope? - correct answer✔✔An inotropic influence is one that increases the
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
strength of the muscular contraction. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is mean arterial pressure? - correct answer✔✔average pressure in the arterial system
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
during ventricular contraction and relaxation. It is a good indicator of tissue perfusion. MAP =
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
CO x PVR |||\\\ |||\\\
What is thrombocytosis? - correct answer✔✔elevated platelet count above 450,000/µL.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the most common causes of inherited disorders of hypercoagulability? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔Factor V gene and prothrombin gene |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are acquired or secondary factors of hypercoagulability that lead to venous stasis? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Prolonged bed rest and immobility, myocardial infarction, cancer,
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
hyperestrogenic states, oral contraceptives, smoking, and obesity |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
