Gross Anatomy - Abdominal Viscera Exam With complete
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What is the median plane? - The vertical plane dividing the body into right and left
halves (aka midsagittal)
What is the transumbilical plane? - the horizontal plane though the umbilicus
The transumbilical plane and median plane form 4 quadrants, what are they called? -
RUQ: Right upper quadrant
LUQ: Left upper quadrant
RLQ: Right lower quadrant
LLQ: Left lower quadrant
What is the paramedian plane? - Vertical planes connecting midpoint of clavicles and
midpoint of inguinal ligament
Close to linea semilunaris
What is the subcostal plane? - Horizontal plane that intersects inferior-most point of
costal margin
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen created by? - Paramedian planes vertically
Transumbilical and subcostal planes horizontally
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen? - Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lateral
Umbilical
Left lateral
Right inguinal
Hypogastric
What is the transpyloric plane? - Midpoint between suprasternal notch and pubic
symphysis
About where linea semilunaris intersect at costal margin
Intersects L1/L2 vertebral body
What structures are associated with the transpyloric plane? - Origin for superior
mesenteric a.
Origin for hepatic portal v.
Origin of renal aa.
Hilum of kidney
Level of conus medullaris
Intersection of pylorus (less consistent)
, What is before and after the stomach in the GI tract? - Esophagus before, duodenum
after
What is food that is being digested called? - Chyme
What is the function of the stomach? - Temporary nutrient storage, some digestion,
secretions
What are the parts of the stomach? - Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal
What is the location of the cardia in the stomach? - Adjacent to esophagus
What is the pyloric antrum? - Inferior, funnel-shaped part
(antrum in Latin = cave)
What is the location of the pyloric canal on the stomach? - Distal to antrum
What are the curvatures of the stomach? - Lesser curvature: smaller, right side, closer
to liver, lesser omentum attaches here
Greater curvature: Larger, left side, greater omentum attaches here
What is the pyloric sphincter? - Internal circular muscle
Regulates stomach contents continuing to duodenum
What is the lesser omentum? - Peritoneom between liver and stomach, esophagus,
duodenum
Lesser curvature of stomach
What is the greater omentum? - Extension of peritoneum from greater curvature of
stomach to transverse colon
Highly mobile
Physical and immune function
What are rugae? - AKA gastric folds
Internal fold of mucosa
Not present when stomach distended
What is the lower esophageal sphincter? - Circular muscle at distal end of esophagus
near cardia of stomach
What contributes to the lower esophageal sphincter? - Diaphragmatic crura
What are the unpaired visceral branches from abdominal aorta? - Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What is the median plane? - The vertical plane dividing the body into right and left
halves (aka midsagittal)
What is the transumbilical plane? - the horizontal plane though the umbilicus
The transumbilical plane and median plane form 4 quadrants, what are they called? -
RUQ: Right upper quadrant
LUQ: Left upper quadrant
RLQ: Right lower quadrant
LLQ: Left lower quadrant
What is the paramedian plane? - Vertical planes connecting midpoint of clavicles and
midpoint of inguinal ligament
Close to linea semilunaris
What is the subcostal plane? - Horizontal plane that intersects inferior-most point of
costal margin
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen created by? - Paramedian planes vertically
Transumbilical and subcostal planes horizontally
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen? - Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondriac
Right lateral
Umbilical
Left lateral
Right inguinal
Hypogastric
What is the transpyloric plane? - Midpoint between suprasternal notch and pubic
symphysis
About where linea semilunaris intersect at costal margin
Intersects L1/L2 vertebral body
What structures are associated with the transpyloric plane? - Origin for superior
mesenteric a.
Origin for hepatic portal v.
Origin of renal aa.
Hilum of kidney
Level of conus medullaris
Intersection of pylorus (less consistent)
, What is before and after the stomach in the GI tract? - Esophagus before, duodenum
after
What is food that is being digested called? - Chyme
What is the function of the stomach? - Temporary nutrient storage, some digestion,
secretions
What are the parts of the stomach? - Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal
What is the location of the cardia in the stomach? - Adjacent to esophagus
What is the pyloric antrum? - Inferior, funnel-shaped part
(antrum in Latin = cave)
What is the location of the pyloric canal on the stomach? - Distal to antrum
What are the curvatures of the stomach? - Lesser curvature: smaller, right side, closer
to liver, lesser omentum attaches here
Greater curvature: Larger, left side, greater omentum attaches here
What is the pyloric sphincter? - Internal circular muscle
Regulates stomach contents continuing to duodenum
What is the lesser omentum? - Peritoneom between liver and stomach, esophagus,
duodenum
Lesser curvature of stomach
What is the greater omentum? - Extension of peritoneum from greater curvature of
stomach to transverse colon
Highly mobile
Physical and immune function
What are rugae? - AKA gastric folds
Internal fold of mucosa
Not present when stomach distended
What is the lower esophageal sphincter? - Circular muscle at distal end of esophagus
near cardia of stomach
What contributes to the lower esophageal sphincter? - Diaphragmatic crura
What are the unpaired visceral branches from abdominal aorta? - Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
