Gross Anatomy - Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Exam With
complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What are the parts of the anterior trunk? - Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis
What are the borders of the anterior abdomen? - Sup: costal margin
Inf: hips
What are the surface landmarks of the anterior wall? - Underlying skeleton & soft
tissues
-clavicle, sternum
-Trapezius, pectoralis major
Umbilicus
What are the specializations that skin can have on the anterior wall? - Areolae, nipples,
nevi (moles)
What is the umbilicus? - Equivalent to scar that was opening for fetal structures
Just deep to the dermis of the abdominal wall is ____________________________ -
Camper's fascia
What is the superficial fascia in the lower abdomen that is thicker? - Scarpa's fascia
(covered by camper's fascia)
What vessels run superiorly just superficial to Scarpa's fascia? - Superficial epigastric a
and v
What is the superficial epigastric a. (Origin and path)? - O: femoral a.
P: courses superiorly superficial to Scarpa's fascia towards umbilicus
What is the superficial circumflex iliac a (Origin and path)? - O: femoral a.
P: courses laterally to ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
What is Scarpa's fascia? - Membranous layer on the lower abdomen
Collection of collagen and elastic fibers
Scaffolding for skin
What is Camper's fascia? - Fatty layer of abdomen just under skin
What is a hernia? - A protrusion of an organ or part of an organ (i.e. intestine) through
CT or wall of cavity in which it is normally enclosed
, What are the types of abdominal wall hernias? - Incisional - caused by surgery
Umbilical - through the umbilicus
Epigastric - fat bulging above umbilicus
Spigelian - between muscle layers on linea semilunaris
Inguinal - bulge in weak spot near groin
Femoral - bulge below inguinal lig.
What is the rectus abdominis? - Bilateral straight muscle partitioned by tendinous
intersections
What is the pyramidalis m.? - Small, triangular muscle near pubis
Little significance
What are the attachments of rectus abdominis mm.? - Pubic symphysis and Public crest
& tubercle
Costal cartilages 5-7
What is the innervation of rectus abdominis mm.? - T7-T12
What are the hip bones? - Paired attachments of lower limb to vertebral column
Joined posteriorly by sacrum
Joined anteriorly by pubic symphysis
What is the sacrum? - Fused inferior vertebrae
What is the pubic symphysis? - Anterior fibrous joint between hip bones
Fibrocartilage is called interpubic disc
What is the curvature of lumbar vertebrae? - Lordotic
What is the orientation of the pelvis in anatomical position? - Tilted anteriorly
What is the pubic crest? - Superiomedial aspect of pubis
What is the pubic tubercle - Small eminence on pubic crest
What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall? - External oblique, internal
oblique, transversus abdominis mm.
What is the external oblique m. (general description)? - Superficial lateral abdominal
muscle
Fibers course inferomedial
What is the internal oblique m. (general description)? - Middle lateral abdominal muscle
Fiber course inferolateral
complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
What are the parts of the anterior trunk? - Thorax
Abdomen
Pelvis
What are the borders of the anterior abdomen? - Sup: costal margin
Inf: hips
What are the surface landmarks of the anterior wall? - Underlying skeleton & soft
tissues
-clavicle, sternum
-Trapezius, pectoralis major
Umbilicus
What are the specializations that skin can have on the anterior wall? - Areolae, nipples,
nevi (moles)
What is the umbilicus? - Equivalent to scar that was opening for fetal structures
Just deep to the dermis of the abdominal wall is ____________________________ -
Camper's fascia
What is the superficial fascia in the lower abdomen that is thicker? - Scarpa's fascia
(covered by camper's fascia)
What vessels run superiorly just superficial to Scarpa's fascia? - Superficial epigastric a
and v
What is the superficial epigastric a. (Origin and path)? - O: femoral a.
P: courses superiorly superficial to Scarpa's fascia towards umbilicus
What is the superficial circumflex iliac a (Origin and path)? - O: femoral a.
P: courses laterally to ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
What is Scarpa's fascia? - Membranous layer on the lower abdomen
Collection of collagen and elastic fibers
Scaffolding for skin
What is Camper's fascia? - Fatty layer of abdomen just under skin
What is a hernia? - A protrusion of an organ or part of an organ (i.e. intestine) through
CT or wall of cavity in which it is normally enclosed
, What are the types of abdominal wall hernias? - Incisional - caused by surgery
Umbilical - through the umbilicus
Epigastric - fat bulging above umbilicus
Spigelian - between muscle layers on linea semilunaris
Inguinal - bulge in weak spot near groin
Femoral - bulge below inguinal lig.
What is the rectus abdominis? - Bilateral straight muscle partitioned by tendinous
intersections
What is the pyramidalis m.? - Small, triangular muscle near pubis
Little significance
What are the attachments of rectus abdominis mm.? - Pubic symphysis and Public crest
& tubercle
Costal cartilages 5-7
What is the innervation of rectus abdominis mm.? - T7-T12
What are the hip bones? - Paired attachments of lower limb to vertebral column
Joined posteriorly by sacrum
Joined anteriorly by pubic symphysis
What is the sacrum? - Fused inferior vertebrae
What is the pubic symphysis? - Anterior fibrous joint between hip bones
Fibrocartilage is called interpubic disc
What is the curvature of lumbar vertebrae? - Lordotic
What is the orientation of the pelvis in anatomical position? - Tilted anteriorly
What is the pubic crest? - Superiomedial aspect of pubis
What is the pubic tubercle - Small eminence on pubic crest
What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall? - External oblique, internal
oblique, transversus abdominis mm.
What is the external oblique m. (general description)? - Superficial lateral abdominal
muscle
Fibers course inferomedial
What is the internal oblique m. (general description)? - Middle lateral abdominal muscle
Fiber course inferolateral
