CAM II Renal Exam Questions and Answers With complete solution
Expert Verified
cortical nephrons: short thick loops of Henle - only penetrate short distance into medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons: •Originate deeper in cortex
long and thin loops of Henle - penetrate entire length of medulla
number one function of juxtamedullary nephrons: urine concentration
glomerulus: compact grouping of capillaries
glomerulus is surrounded by: bowman capsule
endothelium of glomerular capillary has fenestrations that allow passage of: water and small particles
(sodium potassium glucose)
endothelium of glomerular capillary has fenestrations that prevent passage of: RBC, WBC, platelets
basement membrane is made of collagen and proteins and the size of spaces between those fibers
determines: permeability of capillary membrane
visceral layer of bowman capsule has: podocytes
how much total body water is intracellular: 2/3
how much total body water is extracellular: 1/3
how much of extracellular fluid is intravascular (plasma volume): 1/4
which electrolytes are intracellular: Potassium
phosphate
magnesium
which electrolytes are extracellular: sodium chloride
if sodium is increased what happens to extracellular fluid: increase in extracellular fluid volume
plasma sodium concentration is regulated by: changes in water intake and excretion, not by changes
in sodium balance.
hyponatremia sodium level: Na<135
1/4
, hypovolemic hyponatremia: both total body water and sodium levels decrease but Na is more
pronounced
euvolemic hyponatremia: Total body water increases, while the Na level remains relatively normal
hypervolemic hyponatremia: Total body water and Na levels increase but the water increase is
greater than the increase in Na
2/4
Expert Verified
cortical nephrons: short thick loops of Henle - only penetrate short distance into medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons: •Originate deeper in cortex
long and thin loops of Henle - penetrate entire length of medulla
number one function of juxtamedullary nephrons: urine concentration
glomerulus: compact grouping of capillaries
glomerulus is surrounded by: bowman capsule
endothelium of glomerular capillary has fenestrations that allow passage of: water and small particles
(sodium potassium glucose)
endothelium of glomerular capillary has fenestrations that prevent passage of: RBC, WBC, platelets
basement membrane is made of collagen and proteins and the size of spaces between those fibers
determines: permeability of capillary membrane
visceral layer of bowman capsule has: podocytes
how much total body water is intracellular: 2/3
how much total body water is extracellular: 1/3
how much of extracellular fluid is intravascular (plasma volume): 1/4
which electrolytes are intracellular: Potassium
phosphate
magnesium
which electrolytes are extracellular: sodium chloride
if sodium is increased what happens to extracellular fluid: increase in extracellular fluid volume
plasma sodium concentration is regulated by: changes in water intake and excretion, not by changes
in sodium balance.
hyponatremia sodium level: Na<135
1/4
, hypovolemic hyponatremia: both total body water and sodium levels decrease but Na is more
pronounced
euvolemic hyponatremia: Total body water increases, while the Na level remains relatively normal
hypervolemic hyponatremia: Total body water and Na levels increase but the water increase is
greater than the increase in Na
2/4
