NURS 3366 - PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 REVIEW WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
1. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosi
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the
artery walls
2. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in
atherosclero- sis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.: a. LDLs cause smooth
muscle proliferation.
3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium
associat- ed with hypertension?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Adducin
c. Angiotensin II
d. Insulin resistance: c. Angiotensin II
4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of
hyper- tension?
a. Compression of the renal tubules
b. Ischemia of the tubule
,c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
d. Obstruction of the renal tubule: b. Ischemia of the tubule
5. What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm
a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
b. It increases nitric oxide.
c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
d. It obstructs the vessel.: c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
6. Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy
vessel walls and those that promote clot formation?
,a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are
present.
b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery
are present.
c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of
the artery are present.
d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the
artery are present.: a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
7. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
a. Deep venous thrombosis
b. Endocarditis
c. Valvular disease
d. Left heart failure: a. Deep venous thrombosis
8. What change in a vein supports the development of varicose veins?
a. Increase in osmotic pressure
b. Damage to the valves in veins
c. Damage to the venous endothelium
d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure: b. Damage to the valves in veins
9. What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of
blood supply?
a. Infarction
b. Ischemia
c. Necrosis
d. Inflammation: b. Ischemia
10. The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to
threefold by which factor?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Obesity
d. High alcohol consumption: b. Hypertension
11. Which substance is manufactured by the liver and primarily contains
choles- terol and protein?
, a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
1. What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosi
a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor: c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the
artery walls
2. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in
atherosclero- sis?
a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.: a. LDLs cause smooth
muscle proliferation.
3. Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the myocardium
associat- ed with hypertension?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Adducin
c. Angiotensin II
d. Insulin resistance: c. Angiotensin II
4. What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of
hyper- tension?
a. Compression of the renal tubules
b. Ischemia of the tubule
,c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
d. Obstruction of the renal tubule: b. Ischemia of the tubule
5. What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm
a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
b. It increases nitric oxide.
c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
d. It obstructs the vessel.: c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
6. Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference between healthy
vessel walls and those that promote clot formation?
,a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are
present.
b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the artery
are present.
c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the endothelium of
the artery are present.
d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium of the
artery are present.: a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery are present.
7. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
a. Deep venous thrombosis
b. Endocarditis
c. Valvular disease
d. Left heart failure: a. Deep venous thrombosis
8. What change in a vein supports the development of varicose veins?
a. Increase in osmotic pressure
b. Damage to the valves in veins
c. Damage to the venous endothelium
d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure: b. Damage to the valves in veins
9. What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily deprived of
blood supply?
a. Infarction
b. Ischemia
c. Necrosis
d. Inflammation: b. Ischemia
10. The risk of developing coronary artery disease is increased up to
threefold by which factor?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Obesity
d. High alcohol consumption: b. Hypertension
11. Which substance is manufactured by the liver and primarily contains
choles- terol and protein?
, a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
