Chapter 01: Health and Wellness in an Aging Society
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess' Toward Healthy Aging, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,
the nurse replies that, “2010 statistics indicate that your son:
a. will have a life expectancy of approximately 65 years.”
b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”
c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”
d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”
ANS: C
In 2010, men in the United States at age 60 can expect to live another 22 years. The life
expectancy of African American men is about 4.7 years less than white men. Of the options
above, C is the only response that fits into those parameters. The other options are not
supported by reliable research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The
nurse considers which of the following?
a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal
assistance with activities of daily living
b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment
c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a
result of heart disease and stroke
d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic
mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases
ANS: A
Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,
requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to
increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. The reason why individuals
survived as long as they have is not known.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 4
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart disease,
diabetes, and arthritis is that:
a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.
b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.
c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when
they were children.
d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.
, ANS: B
The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access
to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the
development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of
prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now
consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,
but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and there
was much secondhand smoke.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 6
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The
nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical
examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for the
nurse to understand which of the following?
a. Approximately 40% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive
services
b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 40-64 age group than in the 65
and over age group
c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they
have low efficacy
d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging
ANS: A
Approximately 40% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are
available to them. However, only 24% of those between the ages of 40 and 64 do so. There is
a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that exists
demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 7
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The
nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities?
a. Encouraging the client maintains current levels of physical activity
b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are
appropriate for his age group
c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer
distances
d. Encouraging the client to attend his weekly chess games
ANS: A
Maintaining existing levels of physical activity is consistent with functional wellness.
Teaching the client how to use a rolling walker enables the client to remain active at the
highest level possible, which is an example of promoting functional wellness. Receiving
recommended screening is an example of promoting biological wellness. The use of a rolling
walker should be based on assessment of physical ability. Encouraging the client to attend
weekly chess games is an example of promoting social wellness.
, DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 p.s510s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
6. Baseds5ons5thes5censuss5reportss5ofs52010,s5thes5typicals5profiles5ofs5as5centenarians5ins5thes5
Uniteds5Statess5includess5whichs5ofs5thes5followings5characteristics?
a. As5Caucasians5womans5whos5livess5ins5ans5urbans5areas5ofs5as5Southerns5state
b. Ans5Africans5Americans5womans5whos5livess5ins5as5rurals5areas5ofs5as5Southerns5state
c. As5Hispanics5mans5whos5livess5ins5ans5urbans5areas5ofs5as5Midwesterns5state
d. As5Caucasians5mans5whos5livess5ins5as5rurals5areas5ofs5as5Midwesterns5state
ANS:s 5 A
Baseds5ons5thes52010s5U.S.s5Censuss5data,s5centenarianss5weres5overwhelminglys5whites5(82.5
%),s5womens5(82.8%),s5ands5livings5ins5urbans5areass5ofs5thes5Southerns5states.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 p.s55s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
MULTIPLEs5RESPONSE
1. Primarys5preventions5strategiess5fors5olders5adultss5includes5whichs5ofs5thes5following?s5(Sele
cts5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Ans5annuals5influenzas5immunizations5clinic
b. As5smokings5cessations5program
c. As5prostates5screenings5program
d. As5cardiacs5rehabilitations5program
e. As5meals5plannings5educations5programs5fors5types52s5diabetics
ANS:s 5 A,s5B
Primarys5preventions5referss5tos5strategiess5thats5ares5useds5tos5prevents5ans5illnesss5befores5its5
occurss5ands5maintainings5wellnesss5acrosss5thes5continuums5ofs5care.s5Immunizationss5ands5s
mokings5cessations5ares5exampless5ofs5primarys5prevention.s5Secondarys5preventions5iss5thes5e
arlys5detections5ofs5as5diseases5ors5as5healths5problems5thats5hass5alreadys5developed.s5Prostates
5screenings5iss5ans5examples5ofs5secondarys5prevention.s5Tertiarys5preventions5addressess5thes5
needss5ofs5individualss5whos5alreadys5haves5theirs5wellnesss5challenged.s5Cardiacs5rehabilitati
ons5ands5meals5plannings5fors5diabeticss5ares5exampless5ofs5tertiarys5prevention.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 pp.s58–
9s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Teaching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Managements5ofs5Care
2. As5nurses5organizess5as5healths5fairs5fors5olders5adults.s5Thes5nurse’ss5goals5iss5tos5focuss5ons5t
hes5sixs5prioritys5areass5identifieds5bys5thes5Nationals5Preventions5Council.s5Whichs5ofs5thes5f
ollowings5activitiess5shoulds5thes5nurses5include?s5(Selects5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Smokings5cessation
b. Depressions5screening
c. Recognizings5elders5abuse
d. Cholesterols5screening
e. Fitnesss5training
, ANS:s 5 A,s5B,s5C
Thes5sixs5prioritys5areass5ofs5thes5Nationals5Preventions5Councils5includes5tobacco-
frees5living,s5preventings5drugs5abuses5ands5excessives5alcohols5use,s5healthys5eating,s5injury-
s5ands5violence-
frees5living,s5reproductives5ands5sexuals5health,s5ands5mentals5ands5emotionals5well-
being.s5Smokings5cessation,s5depressions5screening,s5ands5recognizings5elders5abuses5alls5direct
lys5addresss5theses5areas.s5Whiles5cholesterols5screenings5ands5fitnesss5trainings5ares5importants
5fors5olders5adults,s5theys5dos5nots5addresss5theses5sixs5prioritys5areas.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Analyzing
REF:s 5 p.s58s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
3. Thes5“in-
between”s5generations5(individualss5borns5betweens51915s5ands51945)s5weres5subjects5tos5whic
hs5ofs5thes5followings5healths5challengess5durings5theirs5childhood?s5(Selects5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Polio
b. Lacks5ofs5fluorides5ins5thes5waters5causings5teeths5tos5bes5softs5ands5cavitys5prone
c. “Pigeons5Chest,”s5as5malformations5ofs5thes5ribs5cages5dues5tos5as5lacks5ofs5vitamins5D
d. Smallpox
e. HIV/AIDS
ANS:s 5 A,s5B,s5C
Polios5wass5as5majors5fears5ofs5thiss5group;s5thes5polios5vaccines5wass5nots5availables5ins5thes5
Uniteds5Statess5untils51955.s5Ins5manys5areass5waters5wass5nots5fluoridated.s5“Pigeons5Chest”s
5wass5common.s5Smallpoxs5wass5as5concerns5fors5thes5centenarians,s5nots5thiss5generation.s5H
IV/AIDSs5hads5nots5beens5identifieds5ins5thes5earlys5yearss5ofs51915-1945.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Remembering
REF:s 5 p.s55s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
4. As5nursings5students5iss5preparings5as5presentations5ons5thes5Wellness-
Baseds5Models5fors5Healthys5Aging.s5Whichs5ofs5thes5followings5conceptss5shoulds5thes5studen
ts5includes5ins5thes5presentation?s5(Selects5alls 5 thats5apply.)
a. Healthys5agings5iss5defineds5bys5thes5absences5ofs5physicals5illnesss5alone
b. Healthys5agings5iss5individuallys5defineds5ands5cans5changes5overs5time
c. Theres5ares5manys5strategiess5tos5promotes5healthys5agings5thats5ares5believeds5tos5
bes5helpfuls5buts5dos5nots5haves5empiricals5evidences5tos5supports5them
d. Healthys5agings5cannots5bes5achieveds5bys5onlys5focusings5ons5laters5life.s5Its5iss
5as5lifelongs5process
e. Accordings5tos5thiss5model,s5ans5individuals5withs5as5chronics5diseases5woul
ds5nots5bes5considereds5healthy
ANS:s 5 B,s5C,s5D
Healthys5agings5iss5as5lifelongs5processs5thats5beginss5withs5births5ands5endss5withs5death.s5Th
es5concepts5ofs5healthys5agings5froms5as5wellnesss5perspectives5iss5uniquelys5defineds5bys5eac
hs5individuals5ands5cans5changes5overs5time.s5Theres5ares5challengess5tos5implementings5evid
ence-
baseds5practicess5ons5healthys5agings5becauses5theres5iss5as5paucitys5ofs5researchs5ons5thiss5are
a.s5Therefore,s5theres5ares5manys5strategiess5thats5haves5beens5useds5ands5determineds5tos5bes5
effectives5buts5dos5nots5haves5researchs5evidences5supportings5them.s5Thes5subcomponentss5
withs5thes5wellnesss5models5ares5functionals5independence,s5self-
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess' Toward Healthy Aging, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When asked by new parents what the life expectancy is for their African American newborn,
the nurse replies that, “2010 statistics indicate that your son:
a. will have a life expectancy of approximately 65 years.”
b. can realistically expect to live into his late 80s.”
c. has a good chance of celebrating his 75th birthday.”
d. is likely to live into his late 90s.”
ANS: C
In 2010, men in the United States at age 60 can expect to live another 22 years. The life
expectancy of African American men is about 4.7 years less than white men. Of the options
above, C is the only response that fits into those parameters. The other options are not
supported by reliable research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 3
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. A nurse is planning care for a group of super-centenarians in an assisted living facility. The
nurse considers which of the following?
a. Most super-centenarians are functionally independent or require minimal
assistance with activities of daily living
b. The majority of super-centenarians have cognitive impairment
c. The number of super-centenarians is expected to decrease in coming years as a
result of heart disease and stroke
d. It is theorized that super-centenarians survived as long as they have due to genetic
mutations that made them less susceptible to common diseases
ANS: A
Research supports that most super-centenarians are functionally and cognitively intact,
requiring minimal assistance with ADLs. The number of super-centenarians is expected to
increase in coming years as the number of older adults increases. The reason why individuals
survived as long as they have is not known.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 4
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. One reason why many “baby boomers” have multiple chronic conditions such as heart disease,
diabetes, and arthritis is that:
a. they have less access to medication and other treatment regimens.
b. there was a lack of importance placed on healthy living as they were growing up.
c. they did not have access to immunizations against communicable disease when
they were children.
d. they grew up in an era of rampant poverty and malnutrition.
, ANS: B
The baby boomers, individuals born between 1946 and 1964, post-WWII, have better access
to medication and treatment regimens than other cohorts. They have had the benefit of the
development of immunizations against communicable diseases. They grew up in an era of
prosperity post-WWII. However, there was a lack of importance placed on what we now
consider healthy living when they were younger. Smoking, for example, was not condoned,
but was considered a symbol of status. Candy in the shape of cigarettes was popular, and there
was much secondhand smoke.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 6
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. A nurse is planning an education program on wellness in a local senior citizen center. The
nurse plans to provide education on the importance of immunizations, annual physical
examinations, screening for diabetes, and vision and hearing screening. It is important for the
nurse to understand which of the following?
a. Approximately 40% of older adults (ages 65 and older) utilize available preventive
services
b. Preventive strategies are more widely used in the 40-64 age group than in the 65
and over age group
c. The research on health promotion strategies in older adults demonstrates that they
have low efficacy
d. There is an abundance of research specific to health promotion and aging
ANS: A
Approximately 40% of individuals, ages 65 and older, utilize the preventive services that are
available to them. However, only 24% of those between the ages of 40 and 64 do so. There is
a paucity of research specific to health promotion and aging; however, the research that exists
demonstrates that health promotion strategies are highly effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 7
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. A nurse is caring for an 85-year-old male client with diabetes in a community setting. The
nurse promotes functional wellness by which of the following activities?
a. Encouraging the client maintains current levels of physical activity
b. Assisting the client to receive all the recommended preventive screenings that are
appropriate for his age group
c. Teaching the patient how to use a rolling walker so that he can ambulate for longer
distances
d. Encouraging the client to attend his weekly chess games
ANS: A
Maintaining existing levels of physical activity is consistent with functional wellness.
Teaching the client how to use a rolling walker enables the client to remain active at the
highest level possible, which is an example of promoting functional wellness. Receiving
recommended screening is an example of promoting biological wellness. The use of a rolling
walker should be based on assessment of physical ability. Encouraging the client to attend
weekly chess games is an example of promoting social wellness.
, DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 p.s510s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
6. Baseds5ons5thes5censuss5reportss5ofs52010,s5thes5typicals5profiles5ofs5as5centenarians5ins5thes5
Uniteds5Statess5includess5whichs5ofs5thes5followings5characteristics?
a. As5Caucasians5womans5whos5livess5ins5ans5urbans5areas5ofs5as5Southerns5state
b. Ans5Africans5Americans5womans5whos5livess5ins5as5rurals5areas5ofs5as5Southerns5state
c. As5Hispanics5mans5whos5livess5ins5ans5urbans5areas5ofs5as5Midwesterns5state
d. As5Caucasians5mans5whos5livess5ins5as5rurals5areas5ofs5as5Midwesterns5state
ANS:s 5 A
Baseds5ons5thes52010s5U.S.s5Censuss5data,s5centenarianss5weres5overwhelminglys5whites5(82.5
%),s5womens5(82.8%),s5ands5livings5ins5urbans5areass5ofs5thes5Southerns5states.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 p.s55s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
MULTIPLEs5RESPONSE
1. Primarys5preventions5strategiess5fors5olders5adultss5includes5whichs5ofs5thes5following?s5(Sele
cts5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Ans5annuals5influenzas5immunizations5clinic
b. As5smokings5cessations5program
c. As5prostates5screenings5program
d. As5cardiacs5rehabilitations5program
e. As5meals5plannings5educations5programs5fors5types52s5diabetics
ANS:s 5 A,s5B
Primarys5preventions5referss5tos5strategiess5thats5ares5useds5tos5prevents5ans5illnesss5befores5its5
occurss5ands5maintainings5wellnesss5acrosss5thes5continuums5ofs5care.s5Immunizationss5ands5s
mokings5cessations5ares5exampless5ofs5primarys5prevention.s5Secondarys5preventions5iss5thes5e
arlys5detections5ofs5as5diseases5ors5as5healths5problems5thats5hass5alreadys5developed.s5Prostates
5screenings5iss5ans5examples5ofs5secondarys5prevention.s5Tertiarys5preventions5addressess5thes5
needss5ofs5individualss5whos5alreadys5haves5theirs5wellnesss5challenged.s5Cardiacs5rehabilitati
ons5ands5meals5plannings5fors5diabeticss5ares5exampless5ofs5tertiarys5prevention.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Applying
REF:s 5 pp.s58–
9s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Teaching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Managements5ofs5Care
2. As5nurses5organizess5as5healths5fairs5fors5olders5adults.s5Thes5nurse’ss5goals5iss5tos5focuss5ons5t
hes5sixs5prioritys5areass5identifieds5bys5thes5Nationals5Preventions5Council.s5Whichs5ofs5thes5f
ollowings5activitiess5shoulds5thes5nurses5include?s5(Selects5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Smokings5cessation
b. Depressions5screening
c. Recognizings5elders5abuse
d. Cholesterols5screening
e. Fitnesss5training
, ANS:s 5 A,s5B,s5C
Thes5sixs5prioritys5areass5ofs5thes5Nationals5Preventions5Councils5includes5tobacco-
frees5living,s5preventings5drugs5abuses5ands5excessives5alcohols5use,s5healthys5eating,s5injury-
s5ands5violence-
frees5living,s5reproductives5ands5sexuals5health,s5ands5mentals5ands5emotionals5well-
being.s5Smokings5cessation,s5depressions5screening,s5ands5recognizings5elders5abuses5alls5direct
lys5addresss5theses5areas.s5Whiles5cholesterols5screenings5ands5fitnesss5trainings5ares5importants
5fors5olders5adults,s5theys5dos5nots5addresss5theses5sixs5prioritys5areas.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Analyzing
REF:s 5 p.s58s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
3. Thes5“in-
between”s5generations5(individualss5borns5betweens51915s5ands51945)s5weres5subjects5tos5whic
hs5ofs5thes5followings5healths5challengess5durings5theirs5childhood?s5(Selects5alls5thats5apply.)
a. Polio
b. Lacks5ofs5fluorides5ins5thes5waters5causings5teeths5tos5bes5softs5ands5cavitys5prone
c. “Pigeons5Chest,”s5as5malformations5ofs5thes5ribs5cages5dues5tos5as5lacks5ofs5vitamins5D
d. Smallpox
e. HIV/AIDS
ANS:s 5 A,s5B,s5C
Polios5wass5as5majors5fears5ofs5thiss5group;s5thes5polios5vaccines5wass5nots5availables5ins5thes5
Uniteds5Statess5untils51955.s5Ins5manys5areass5waters5wass5nots5fluoridated.s5“Pigeons5Chest”s
5wass5common.s5Smallpoxs5wass5as5concerns5fors5thes5centenarians,s5nots5thiss5generation.s5H
IV/AIDSs5hads5nots5beens5identifieds5ins5thes5earlys5yearss5ofs51915-1945.
DIF: Cognitives5Level:s5Remembering
REF:s 5 p.s55s5TOP:s 5 Integrateds5Process:s5Te
aching/Learning
MSC:s 5 Clients5Needs:s5Healths5Promotions5ands5Maintenance
4. As5nursings5students5iss5preparings5as5presentations5ons5thes5Wellness-
Baseds5Models5fors5Healthys5Aging.s5Whichs5ofs5thes5followings5conceptss5shoulds5thes5studen
ts5includes5ins5thes5presentation?s5(Selects5alls 5 thats5apply.)
a. Healthys5agings5iss5defineds5bys5thes5absences5ofs5physicals5illnesss5alone
b. Healthys5agings5iss5individuallys5defineds5ands5cans5changes5overs5time
c. Theres5ares5manys5strategiess5tos5promotes5healthys5agings5thats5ares5believeds5tos5
bes5helpfuls5buts5dos5nots5haves5empiricals5evidences5tos5supports5them
d. Healthys5agings5cannots5bes5achieveds5bys5onlys5focusings5ons5laters5life.s5Its5iss
5as5lifelongs5process
e. Accordings5tos5thiss5model,s5ans5individuals5withs5as5chronics5diseases5woul
ds5nots5bes5considereds5healthy
ANS:s 5 B,s5C,s5D
Healthys5agings5iss5as5lifelongs5processs5thats5beginss5withs5births5ands5endss5withs5death.s5Th
es5concepts5ofs5healthys5agings5froms5as5wellnesss5perspectives5iss5uniquelys5defineds5bys5eac
hs5individuals5ands5cans5changes5overs5time.s5Theres5ares5challengess5tos5implementings5evid
ence-
baseds5practicess5ons5healthys5agings5becauses5theres5iss5as5paucitys5ofs5researchs5ons5thiss5are
a.s5Therefore,s5theres5ares5manys5strategiess5thats5haves5beens5useds5ands5determineds5tos5bes5
effectives5buts5dos5nots5haves5researchs5evidences5supportings5them.s5Thes5subcomponentss5
withs5thes5wellnesss5models5ares5functionals5independence,s5self-
