Pathophysiology Real Exam 3 Practice
Questions & correct Answers & Rationale’s
Already verified & Graded A+
Which of the following is classified as the most common primary mineral salt composition of kidney
stones? correct answers
A. Calcium
B. Struvite
C. Uric Acid
D. Cysteine
A
A - calcium (i.e. oxalate or phosphate) is most common
*Note that a change in urine pH may lead to precipitation of stones
Which of the following are risk factors for developing renal tumors? correct answers (Select all that
apply.)
A. Female gender
B. Smoking
C. Obesity
D. Diabetes
E. Hypertension
B, C, E
risk factors are male gender, smoking, obesity, uncontrolled hypertension
,The registered nurse would expect which of the following lab values for a patient experiencing acute
kidney failure? correct answers
A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
B. Sodium 122 mEq/L
C. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
D. BUN 10 mg/dL
A
the normal creatinine level is 0.6 - 1.2
This BUN is within normal range (BUN would be elevated in acute kidney failure)
In caring for a patient experiencing acute kidney injury who has these lab values: urinary output 15
mL/hr, BUN 30 mg/dL, and creatinine 3.5, the nurse knows that the patient is experiencing which phase
of acute kidney injury? correct answers
A. Initiation phase
B. Oliguric phase
C. Recovery (polyuric) phase
D. I don't remember the normal lab values
B
Remember that there are phases of acute kidney injury -
Initiation phase is when the injury is just beginning and prevention is still possible
Next is the oliguric phase where urinary output is decreased and nitrogenous waste products are
maintained (BUN and Creatinine)
There is also the recovery or polyuric/diuretic phase - diuresis is common and BUN and creatinine
decline
,A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes
that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused
by:
A. Decreased renal blood flow
B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
C. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces proximal to blockage
D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone
C
Hydroureter; dilation of ureter
Hydronephrosis: dilation/enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces
Ureterohydronephrosis: dilation of ureter AND renal pelvis and calyces
A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract
obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse? correct answers
A. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B. Formation of renal calculi
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Increased bladder compliance
B
urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can lead to the formation of renal calculi and UTI
A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? correct answers
A. Urge incontinence
, B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinence
C
Reduced resistance is associated with the symptom of stress incontinence, which is incontinence with
coughing or sneezing.
A registered nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows which of the following are primary
functions of the kidneys? correct answers (Select all that apply.)
A. Production of clotting factors
B. Homeostasis
C. Excretion of metabolic wastes
D. Regulation of acid-base balance
E. Metabolism of fats
B, C, D
The kidneys do not metabolize fats.
Production of clotting factors is a primary function of the liver.
The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce erythropoietin to stimulate RBC
production.
In caring for a patient diagnosed with acute kidney injury, the nephrology nurse knows that which of the
following tests are specific for renal function? correct answers (Select all that apply.)
A. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
B. Blood urea nitrogen
C. Creatinine
D. Glomerular filtration rate
E. White blood cell count
B, C, D
Questions & correct Answers & Rationale’s
Already verified & Graded A+
Which of the following is classified as the most common primary mineral salt composition of kidney
stones? correct answers
A. Calcium
B. Struvite
C. Uric Acid
D. Cysteine
A
A - calcium (i.e. oxalate or phosphate) is most common
*Note that a change in urine pH may lead to precipitation of stones
Which of the following are risk factors for developing renal tumors? correct answers (Select all that
apply.)
A. Female gender
B. Smoking
C. Obesity
D. Diabetes
E. Hypertension
B, C, E
risk factors are male gender, smoking, obesity, uncontrolled hypertension
,The registered nurse would expect which of the following lab values for a patient experiencing acute
kidney failure? correct answers
A. Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL
B. Sodium 122 mEq/L
C. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
D. BUN 10 mg/dL
A
the normal creatinine level is 0.6 - 1.2
This BUN is within normal range (BUN would be elevated in acute kidney failure)
In caring for a patient experiencing acute kidney injury who has these lab values: urinary output 15
mL/hr, BUN 30 mg/dL, and creatinine 3.5, the nurse knows that the patient is experiencing which phase
of acute kidney injury? correct answers
A. Initiation phase
B. Oliguric phase
C. Recovery (polyuric) phase
D. I don't remember the normal lab values
B
Remember that there are phases of acute kidney injury -
Initiation phase is when the injury is just beginning and prevention is still possible
Next is the oliguric phase where urinary output is decreased and nitrogenous waste products are
maintained (BUN and Creatinine)
There is also the recovery or polyuric/diuretic phase - diuresis is common and BUN and creatinine
decline
,A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes
that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused
by:
A. Decreased renal blood flow
B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
C. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces proximal to blockage
D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormone
C
Hydroureter; dilation of ureter
Hydronephrosis: dilation/enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces
Ureterohydronephrosis: dilation of ureter AND renal pelvis and calyces
A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract
obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse? correct answers
A. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B. Formation of renal calculi
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Increased bladder compliance
B
urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can lead to the formation of renal calculi and UTI
A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? correct answers
A. Urge incontinence
, B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinence
C
Reduced resistance is associated with the symptom of stress incontinence, which is incontinence with
coughing or sneezing.
A registered nurse working in an outpatient nephrology clinic knows which of the following are primary
functions of the kidneys? correct answers (Select all that apply.)
A. Production of clotting factors
B. Homeostasis
C. Excretion of metabolic wastes
D. Regulation of acid-base balance
E. Metabolism of fats
B, C, D
The kidneys do not metabolize fats.
Production of clotting factors is a primary function of the liver.
The kidneys maintain blood pressure using the RAAS and also produce erythropoietin to stimulate RBC
production.
In caring for a patient diagnosed with acute kidney injury, the nephrology nurse knows that which of the
following tests are specific for renal function? correct answers (Select all that apply.)
A. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
B. Blood urea nitrogen
C. Creatinine
D. Glomerular filtration rate
E. White blood cell count
B, C, D
